The Proxy War in

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The Proxy War in Korea
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• WWII
• Korea was a Japanese colony during WWII
• When Japan lost the war, Russian and American
  troops liberated Korea
• The Russians and Americans decided that Korea
  should be divided at the 38th parallel in 1945

North Korea
38th parallel
South Korea
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• Puppet Governments
• The U.S. administered the South and put an
  anti-communist, pro-American leader in charge
• The USSR administered the North and put a
  Communist leader in charge
• Russians and Americans withdrew troops from Korea
  in 1949

Question What is a puppet government?
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• In 1949 China became Communist. Why is this fact
  important to Korea?
• Important to the U.S.?

North Korea
South Korea
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• A Desire to Unite
• Both Northern and Southern leaders wanted to
  unite the country but with different types of
  government.
• Kim Il Sung (North Korean leader) understood that
  to resolve the problem of unifying the two Koreas
  was very difficult -- that he would need help. Of
  course the help he was hoping to get would come
  from the Soviet Union.
• The Soviets and Kim gambled that Korea wasnt
  important enough to the U.S. to prompt a response

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Attack!!!

• 1950- NK invaded SK with 90,000 troops equipped
  with Soviet weapons tanks
• The South Korean army crumbled and retreated
  southwards
• Early bridge detonation story
• The U.S. may not have cared much about Korea, but
  it did want to put teeth into the Truman
  Doctrine!
• Afraid that Korea would fall to Communism like
  China, the U.S. began to rush in troops.
• The U.S. brought the Korean situation up with
  the U.N.
• The Russians were boycotting the U.N. (for a
  different reason), so the U.S. convinced the UN
  to authorize a police action to help the South
  Koreans.
• About 90 of troops were American

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President Truman "Korea is a small country,
thousands of miles away. But what is happening
there is important to every American. The fact
that communist forces have invaded Korea is a
warning that there may be similar acts of
aggression in other parts of the world ..."
Why American Involvement?
The U.S. led UN forces pushed the North Koreans
back to the 38th parallel and then kept going.
They pushed all the way to the border of China.
See. Dont Mess With Us!
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Humiliation for the U.S.

• China declared that it would not accept U.S.
  troops on its border!
• American General MacArthur promised president
  Truman that the Chinese knew better than to mess
  with the U.S./him
• Remember the U.S. had the atom bomb and China
  didnt
• China attacked!
• U.S. forces turned and fled ? a route

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• Interview Lt. Col. Charles Bussey, U.S. Army
• "It was a rout exactly like the one that Napoleon
  faced leaving Russia. We ran head-long,
  helter-skelter, pell-mell, trying to get to
  Pusan, trying to get back to Japan. It was
  disgusting."

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WWIII?

• MacArthur Advised Use of the Atom Bomb
• Truman refused
• MacArthur went public with his disagreement
• Truman Fired MacArthur

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End of the Korean War

• The Americans eventually stopped the Chinese
  advance
• After several more years of inconclusive fighting
  back and forth, a cease fire was signed.
• Signed in 1953, it declared the 38th parallel
  once again as the break between the two
  countries.

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Significance

• Reflected new American foreign policy of
  containment with teeth
• Limited warfare (did not use atomic bomb)
• First racially integrated (white and black) Armed
  forces
• The result of the heroic efforts of the Tuskeegee
  Airmen, among others, in WWII
• Begin to see a dramatic increase in military
  spending permanent mobilization
• To this day, North South Korea remain divided.
• The U.S. has no formal diplomatic relationship
  with North Korea.

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• The Cold War had become a Hot War

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• Permanent mobilization (American troops/military
  bases around the world 2007)

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• If you went to the 38th Parallel in Korea today,
  you would find a DMZ or
  de-militarized zone
• To this day, there is no formal peace treaty
  ending the Korean War.

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Today- North Korea is communist but it is run
by KIM Chong-il (the son of KIM Il-song, who died
in 1994. Kim Chong-il rules with almost total
power and is more of a totalitarian than a
Communist.
Kim Chong-Il
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• In December 2002, North Korea repudiated a 1994
  agreement that shut down its nuclear reactors and
  expelled UN monitors, further raising fears it
  would produce nuclear weapons.

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Interesting Tidbit

• After the armistice, 50,000 communist POWs were
  released approximately two-thirds of the Chinese
  asked to go to Taiwan. Of 12,000 U.N. prisoners
  released by North Korea, 21 U.S. prisoners and
  one Scot chose to stay in China.
• How do you think this information was used by the
  U.S.?

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Hansen Name ________________________U.S.
History Period ________________ The
Proxy War in Korea

• WWII
• Korea was a _______________ during WWII
• When Japan lost the war, ________________________
  __ troops liberated Korea
• The Russians and Americans decided that Korea
  should be ________________________________________
  _________
• Puppet Governments
• What is a puppet government? _____________________
  ____________________ _____________________________
  ____________
• The U.S. administered the South and put an
  anti-__________, pro-______________leader in
  charge
• The USSR administered the North and put a
  ___________ leader in charge
• Russians and Americans withdrew troops
  ________________
• 1949
• In 1949 China became Communist.
• Why is this fact important to Korea?
  ____________________ _____________________________
  __________________
• Important to the U.S.? ___________________________
  ____ _____________________________________________
  ____
• A Desire to Unite
• Both Northern and Southern leaders wanted to
  unite the country but with _____________________
  ____________.
• ______________(North Korean leader) understood
  that to resolve the problem of unifying the two
  Koreas was very difficult -- that he would need
  help. Of course the help he was hoping to get
  would ________________________________________.
• The Soviets and Kim gambled that Korea wasnt
  _________ _________________ to the U.S. to
  ___________________

• Attack!
• 1950- NK invaded SK with ____________ equipped
  with _________________________________________
• The South Korean army _________and _______
  southwards
• Early bridge detonation story
• The U.S. may not have cared much about Korea, but
  it did want to put ___________ into the
  _________________!
• Afraid that Korea would fall to Communism
  ________, the U.S. began to ______________________
  ___.
• The U.S. brought the Korean situation up
  __________.
• The Russians were __________________U.N. (for a
  different reason), so the U.S. convinced the UN
  to authorize a _______________________________
  South Koreans.
• _______________ of troops were American
• Why American Involvement?
• President Truman "Korea is a small country,
  thousands of miles away. But what is happening
  there is important to _________________. The fact
  that communist forces have _________________ is a
  warning that there may be ______
  _____________________ in other parts of the world
  ..."
• The U.S. led _____________ pushed the North
  Koreans back to the 38th parallel and then kept
  going. They pushed all the way to the border of
  _____. See. _____________ ____________!
• Humiliation for the U.S.
• China declared that it would _____________________
  _____ ___________________________________________
  !
• American General MacArthur promised president
  Truman that the Chinese knew better than to
  ___________________
• Remember the U.S. had __________________ and
  China didnt
• ____________________________!
• U.S. forces turned and fled ? ____________

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• WWIII?
• MacArthur Advised __________________________
• ____________________________
• MacArthur went ___________ with his disagreement
• Truman _____________ MacArthur
• End of the Korean War
• The Americans eventually _________________________
  ___
• After ________________________ of
  _________________ _______________ back and forth,
  a __________ was signed.
• Signed in _______, it declared the ______________
  once again as the break between
  _______________________.
• Significance?
• Reflected new American foreign policy of
  ___________with ________________
• _________________________ (did not use atomic
  bomb)
• First _______________ (white and black) Armed
  forces
• The result of the heroic efforts of the
  ____________ _________________, among others,
  ____________
• Begin to see a dramatic increase in
  ______________ _________________________________
  
• To this day, North South Korea remain
  ___________
• The U.S. has no formal ________________________
  with North Korea.
• The Cold War had become a Hot War
• If you went to the 38th Parallel in Korea today,
  you would find a DMZ or __________________________
  _____