CHAPTER 4: CELLS, part 1

1
CHAPTER 4 CELLS, part 1 The
fundamental units of life
2
Exam 1 Monday, September 19 Exam will
be in class
3
Fig. 4-00
Colorized TEM
4

2 fundamental kinds of cells 1.
Prokaryotes Bacteria 2. Eukaryotes plant
cells, animal cells, fungal cells, protozoa
5
Unnumbered Figure 14_UN293c
Based on taxonomic characteristics
6
Figure 1.9
7
Figure 4.4
8
Fig. 4-04
Plasma membrane (encloses cytoplasm)
Cell wall (provides Rigidity)
Capsule (sticky coating)
Prokaryotic flagellum (for propulsion)
Ribosomes (synthesize proteins)
Nucleoid (contains DNA)
Pili (attachment structures)
Colorized TEM
9
Figure 4.5
Prokaryotic cell
10
Figure 4.6a
11
Figure 4.6b
12
Figure 4.3
13

Dissecting Microscope (light) Low mag (up to
20x) View frog eggs, protozoans, etc. Compound
Microscope (light) Higher mag (up to
400x) Tissue sections or wet mounts on
glass slides Light goes through the
slide Cells, tiny protozoans, etc.
14
Figure 4.2a
15

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Max. Mag
1.5 millionX Ultrathin plastic sections of
tissue Electron beam goes through section View
cell organelles, cell membrane, bacteria,
viruses, etc.
16
Figure 4.2c
17

Scanning Electron Microscope Mag 10x up to 1
millionX Electron beam scans across the surface
of the specimen 3-dimensional view Tiny
insects, spiders, protozoans, rocks, fossils,
etc.
18
Figure 4.2b
19
Figure 4.2
20
Fig. 4-01
TYPES OF MICROGRAPHS
Light Micrograph (LM) (for viewing living cells)
Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) (for viewing
surface features)
Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) (for
viewing internal structures)
LM
Colorized SEM
Colorized TEM
Light micrograph of a protist, Paramecium
Scanning electron micrograph of Paramecium
Transmission electron micrograph of Paramecium
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
Fig. 4-02
24

Cell components (Eukaryotic cell) Plasma
membrane (cell membrane) Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleol
us Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum Rough ER,
Smooth ER Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria,
Chloroplasts Vacuole, Vesicle Lysosome Cytoskeleto
n Cilia, flagella
25
Figure 4.6a
26

Cell components (Eukaryotic cell) Plasma
membrane (cell membrane) Phospholipid bilayer
with embedded proteins and other substances
(cholesterol, glycoproteins) Fluid Mosaic
model Molecules can move about freely and lots
of different proteins floating in the
phospholipid sea
27
(No Transcript)
28

Functions 1. Controls movement of substances
into and out of the cell Phospholipid bilayer,
protein channels 2. Cell signaling Glycoprote
ins, recognition proteins 3. Receptors for
various substances Receptor proteins with
binding sites
29
(No Transcript)
30

Cell components (Eukaryotic cell) Cytoplasm a
semifluid medium which contains water and various
molecules suspended or dissolved in it
31
Figure 4.6a
32

Cell components (Eukaryotic cell) Nucleus
Control center of the cell Contains the
chromatin and the nucleolus Chromatin DNA plus
proteins Chromatin forms the chromosomes when
the cell divides Nucleolus chromatin which
forms rRNA
33
Figure 4.6a
34
(No Transcript)