Chapter 1 Cells

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Chapter 1Cells

• Chapter Review

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Complete each of the following sentences by
choosing the correct term from the word bank
Chapter Review

• 1. A(n) _____________ is the most basic unit of
  all living things.2. The job that an organ
  does is the ____________of that organ.
• 3. Ribosomes and mitochondria are types of
  __________________.

cell
function
organelles
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Complete each of the following sentences by
choosing the correct term from the word bank
Chapter Review

• 4. A(n) ___________ is an organism whose cells
  have a nucleus.5. A group of cells working
  together to perform a specific function is a(n)
  __________.
• 6. Only plant cells have a(n) ______________.

eukaryote
tissue
cell wall
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7. Which of the following best describes an
organ?
Chapter Review

• a group of cells that work together to perform a
  specific job
• a group of tissues that belong to different
  systems
• a group of tissues that work together to perform
  a specific job
• a body structure, such as muscles or lungs

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8. The benefits of being multicellular include
Chapter Review

• small size, long life and cell specialization.
• generalized cells, longer life, and ability to
  prey on small animals.
• larger size, more enemies, and specialized cells.
• longer life, larger size, and specialized cells.

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9. In eukaryotic cells, which organelle contains
the DNA?
Chapter Review

• nucleus
• Golgi complex
• Smooth ER
• vacuole

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10. Which of the following statements is part of
the cell theory?
Chapter Review

• All cells suddenly appear by themselves.
• All cells come from other cells.
• All organisms are multicellular.
• All cells have identical parts.

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11. The surface area to volume ratio of a
cell limits
Chapter Review

• The number of organelles that the cell has.
• The size of the cell.
• Where the cell lives.
• The types of nutrients that the cell needs.

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12. Two types of organisms whose cells do not
have a nucleus are
Chapter Review

1. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
2. Plants and animals.
3. Eubacteria and archaebacteria.
4. Single-celled and multicellular organisms.

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13. Explain why most cells are small.
Chapter Review

• Most cells are small because the surface area
  to volume ratio limits how big a cell can get.
  
• This means that the cell cannot get enough
  nutrients or get rid of all the wastes if it gets
  too large.

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14. Describe the four levels of organization.
Chapter Review

• The cell is the simplest and most basic unit of
  all living things.
• Tissues are a collection of similar cells that
  work together to perform a job.
• Organs are a collection of different tissues that
  work together to perform a job.
• Organ systems are a collection of organs that
  work together to perform a job.

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15. What is the difference between the structure
of an organ and the function of the organ?
Chapter Review

• The structure of an organ is how the organ is
  organized or how it LOOKS.
• The function of an organ is the JOB that organ
  actually does.

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16. Name two functions of a cell membrane.
Chapter Review

• The cell membrane encloses the cell and separates
  from the environment
• The cell membrane also controls what enters or
  leaves a cell

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17. What are the structure and function of the
cytoskeleton of the cell?
Chapter Review

• The structure of the cytoskeleton LOOKS like a
  web of proteins.
• The JOB or function of the cytoskeleton is to
  provide support for the cell and to help with
  movement.

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17. Concept Mapping Use the following terms to
create a concept map cells, organisms, Golgi
complex, organ systems, organs, nucleus,
organelle, and tissues
Chapter Review
cells
Combine to form
Tissues
Are made of
Combine to form
organs
Organelles
Combine to form
Organ systems
Such as
Golgi complex
Nucleus
Organisms
Combine to form
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19. Making Comparisons Compare and contrast
the function of the endoplasmic reticulum and
Golgi complex.
Chapter Review
Golgi Complex
ER

• Takes materials from ER and packages them

• Series of folded membranes

• Makes lipids and proteins

• Both transport items throughout the cell

• Puts items for delivery into sacs called vesicles

• Delivers items throughout the cell inside
  passageways

• Can send items out of the cell

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20. Identifying Relationships Explain how the
structure and function of an organisms parts are
related. Give an example.
Chapter Review

• The structure of an organ determines what the
  function will be. The example of the alveoli
  looking like a web of blood vessels allows oxygen
  and carbon dioxide to be exchanged (function).

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21. Evaluating Hypotheses One of your
classmates states a hypothesis that all organisms
must have organ systems. Is your classmates
hypothesis valid? Explain your answer.
Chapter Review

• The hypothesis is invalid because you can have
  unicellular organisms that are made of only one
  cell. There are no tissues, organs or organ
  systems.

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22. Predicting Consequences What would
happen if all of the ribosomes in your cells
disappeared?
Chapter Review

• Ribosomes make proteins that are essential for
  the cell to function. Without ribosomes, you
  would die.

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23. Expressing opinions Scientists think that
millions of years ago the surface of the Earth
was very hot and that the atmosphere contained a
lot of methane. In your opinion, which type of
organism, a eubacterium or an archaebacterium, is
the older form of life? Explain your reasoning.
Chapter Review

• The archaebacterium is the older organism because
  it can live in more extreme (hotter) areas and
  one type actually makes methane and might be
  responsible for the high methane levels long ago.

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Interpreting Graphics Use the diagram below to
answer the questions that follow.
Chapter Review
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24. What is the name of the structure identified
by the letter a?
Chapter Review

• Letter a is the mitochondrion

25. Which letter identifies the structure that
digests worn out organelles and foreign invaders?

• Letter b identifies the lysosome that does this
  job in the cell

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26. Which letter identifies the structure that
makes proteins, lipids, and other materials and
that contains tubes and passageways that enable
substances to move to different places in the
cell.?
Chapter Review

• Letter c identifies the endoplasmic reticulum
  that does this function.