Chapter 7: Cell Structure

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Chapter 7 Cell Structure Function

• I. Life is Cellular
• A. The Discovery of the Cell
• Famous Scientists the Cell Theory
• 1. Robert Hooke (1665) English scientist who
  used an early
• compound microscope to
• look at thin slices of cork.
• -1st used the word cell,
• referring to tiny, empty
• chambers that make up plant cork.
• 2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Dutch scientist who
  used a single-lens microscope to view pond water
  other things. Was a lens-maker.

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Famous Scientists the Cell Theory

• 3. Matthias Schleiden (1838) German botanist
  who 1st concluded that all plants are made of
  cells.
• 4. Theodor Schwann (1839) German biologist who
  1st concluded that all animals
• are made up of cells.
• -Said all living things are made
• of cells.
• 5. Rudolf Virchow (1855) German physician who
  concluded that new cells only come from existing
  cells.

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Famous Scientists the Cell Theory

• Work done by these scientists
• led to the development of the
• cell theory.
• The cell theory states
• 1. All living things are made of cells.
• 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure
  function in living things.
• 3. New cells are produced from existing cells.

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B. Exploring the Cell

• New techniques microscopes
• are now used to explore the cell
• closely.
• Techniques
• 1. Fluorescent labeling follows molecules
  moving through a cell.
• 2. Confocal light microscopy scans cells w/
  laser beam used to build 3-D images of cells
  cell parts.
• 3. High-resolution video technology - produces
  movies of cells as they grow, divide, develop.

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Types of Electron Microscopes

• 1. TEMs (transmission electron
• microscopes) used to study cell structures
  protein molecules.
• 2. SEMs (scanning electron microscopes) scan
• surfaces of specimens make 3-D images.
• 3. Scanning probe microscopes trace surfaces
  of samples with a fine probe. Great for
  surfaces can view single atoms.

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C. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• All cells have 2 characteristics
• 1. Have a cell membrane.
• 2. Contain DNA.

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2 Major Divisions of Cells

• Eukaryotic cells that contain a
• nucleus and many organelles, ex
• plant animal cells.
• -Larger/complex cells that are
• highly specialized (parts specific
• functions).
• -Nucleus stores genetic material
• separately from the rest of the cell.
• -Have great variety can be single
• or multicellular.
• Prokaryotic cells with no nucleus
• few organelles, ex bacterial cells.
• -Usually smaller/simple have
• genetic material that isnt