Unit 6: Cell Biology

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Unit 6 Cell Biology
Chapter 3 Cells
Section 3 Cell Membrane

• Chapter 3.3 Cell Membranes

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
Agenda for Today Do Now! Quick Review on
Organelles Protein Production QUIZ! Cell Membrane
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 3 Cell Membranes
Good Posters and Presentations!
The cat loved your posters!
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 3 Cell Membrane
Do Now! Carolyn and Nouman are giving a
presentation about cell organelles. To help the
students understand the function of organelles,
they describe the cell by using the analogy that
the cell is a factory.Using the picture below,
which part should Carolyn and Nouman describe as
the generator (or powerplant) that powers the
factory, and why?
Possible answers  Organelle 1 this structure
controls all activities of the cell.   Organelle
2 this structure packages and delivers proteins
and lipids.   Organelle 3 this is where
cellular respiration occurs.   Organelle 4 this
is where photosynthesis occurs.
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Cytoskeleton

• cyto cell
• Supports organelles and gives the cell structure.
• 3 different components microtubules,
  intermediate filaments, microfilaments.
• Found in Animals and Plants
• Found only in Eukaryotes

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
The Cytoskeleton
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Protein Production

• A number of organelles work together to make and
  deliver proteins.
• Nucleus -gt Ribosome -gt Rough ER -gt Golgi Body -gt
  Vesicle -gt final destination.
• We will use an analogy to describe this process,
  so be patient.

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Nucleus

• nucleus kernel (just like karyon)
• Stores and protects genetic material (DNA)
• Surrounded by a double membrane with many pores,
  called the nuclear envelope.
• Nucleolus is the site of ribosome assembly.

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Ribosome

• ribo comes from RNA (ribonucleic acid). soma
  body
• Has 2 major parts, a large and a small subunit.
• In-between the subunits is RNA
• Links amino acids together to form proteins.

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
3-D View of Ribosome
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• endo inside plasma fluid
  reticulum net
• 2 major sections Rough and Smooth ER
• Rough ER is the site of protein synthesis
• Smooth ER is the site of lipid synthesis (fat,
  hormones, etc.)
• ER is an extension of the nuclear envelope

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Golgi Apparatus

• Named after Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist
  who first identified it.
• Shaped like a stack of long flattened sacks.
• Packages and ships out/in proteins and other
  macromolecules.
• Creates vesicles and lysosomes.

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
Golgi Apparatus (bloop bloop)
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Lysosome

• lyse to break apart soma body
• Digests worn-out organelles and other cell parts.
• Breaks down viruses, bacteria, and other foreign
  bodies.
• Full of digestive enzymes and acids.

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
Lysosome Production
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Mitochondria

• mito thread chondros granule
• Site of cellular respiration
• The powerhouse of the cell
• Breaks down pyruvate(glucose) and makes ATP (cell
  energy).

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Chloroplast

• chloros green plastis one who forms
• Site of photosynthesis.
• Converts light energy into chemical energy
  (glucose).

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Centriole

• kentros center ole little.
• Help organize microtubles.
• Serves as an anchor for spindle fibers (during
  mitosis).
• Helps form cilia and flagella.
• Always occur in pairs, called a centrosome

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Vacuole

• Vacuus empty -ole small
• Membrane bound
• Stores water, food, and other important molecules
• Found in Animals and Plants

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Vacuole

• Found both in Animals and Plants
• Smaller in Animals, only used for storage.
• Larger in plants, also used to maintain turgor
  pressure and plant structure

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Cell Membrane

• membrane skin
• Found in all cells (eu, pro, animal, plant)
• Double layer of phospholipids
• Hydrophobic between layers, hydrophilic on
  outside.
• Fluid (everything is in motion)
• Semi-permeable
• Has many proteins embedded in it.

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles

• Cell Wall

• Found only in Plants (Eukaryotes)
• Made of cellulose
• Provides structure for the plant body.
• Cell wall in prokaryotes in not the same thing.
  (made of different stuff)

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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
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Chapter 3 Cells
Section 2 Cell Organelles
Journey in to a Cell