Organic Compounds: Lipids and Nucleic Acids

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Organic CompoundsLipids and Nucleic Acids

• Chapter 6

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Lipids
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Function

• Long term energy storage
• Insulation (layers of fat keep living things
  warm)
• Protective, waterproof covering
• Important component of cells outer membranes
• Protect and cover vital organs

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Elements

• Lipids are mainly long chains made out of carbon
  and hydrogen, but some oxygen as well

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Examples

• Fats
• Waxes
• Oils
• Steroids
• Cholesterol

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Testing for Lipids (oils and fats)

• The test called the brown paper test is used to
  test for fats and oils
• Its also called the greasy bag test (youve
  seen this when you get greasy fast food and the
  bag gets grease spots on it
• List examples of positive tests for oil and fats

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Structure of a Fat Molecule Triglyceride

• Made up of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids chains
  (looks like the letter E)

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Unsaturated Fats

• Contains at least one double bond in fatty acid
  chain, eliminating the number of hydrogen atoms
• Contains fewer calories and easier to digest
  healthy fats

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Saturated Fats

• Contains no double bonds in the fatty acid
  chains, all the carbons are bond to hydrogens
• Contains more calories and are harder to digest
  bad fats

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Properties of Lipids

• Lipids are insoluble they dont dissolve/mix
  with water
• Non-polar molecules (water is polar)
• Hydrophobic-literally means water
  fearing/hating

• Contain more energy than any type of nutrient

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Grape Demonstration

• A peeled grape sinks while an unpeeled grape
  floats
• Why?

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Fats vs. Oils

• Oils are usually found in plants.
• Examples sunflower, corn, canola, olive,
  coconut
• What part of the plant is where oils are found?
  Why?
• Solid or liquid at room temperature?
• Saturated or unsaturated?

• Fats are usually found in animals or animal
  products.
• Examples butter, milk, fat on meat
• Solid or liquid at room temperature
• Saturated or unsaturated?

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Nucleic Acids
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Function

• Carries the genetic code to make protein
• Transfers genetic information in order to
  determine traits of organism

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Elements

• Nucleic Acids are made of the elements carbon,
  hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

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Examples

• DNA
• RNA
• ATP (energy source from breaking down glucose)

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Structure of a Nucleic Acid

• Made of repeating building blocks called
  nucleotides
• Nucleotides are a 3-part structure consisting of
  a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base