Organic Compounds A compound that contains carbon

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Organic Compounds( A compound that contains
carbon)

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

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Carbohydrates

• Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
• Provide us with instant energy
• i.e. metabolized quickly
• Examples
• Sugars
• Starches potato, pasta, bread, glycogen,
  cellulose

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Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide
• Simple sugars
• Glucose C6H12O6
• Fructose C6H12O6
• Galactose C6H12O6
• All are Isomers Compounds with the same
  molecular formula and a different structural
  formula!
• END IN OSE

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Carbohydrates

• Disaccharide Chemical combination of two
  monosaccharides
• Examples
• Sucrose table sugar
• Maltose Candy bars etc.
• Lactose Milk sugar

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Two Important Terms!

• Dehydration Synthesis The combination of two
  simple substances to form a more complex
  substance.
• Water is removed!
• Hydrolysis The break down of a complex substance
  into two or more simple substances.
• Water is added!
• lysis means to break down

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Dehydration SynthesisCarbohydratesmonosaccharide
monosaccharide
disaccharideH2O
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Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharide Complex carbohydrates consisting
  of 100s or more monosaccharides.
• Examples
• Bread, potato, pasta,
• Cellulose A form of plant starch found in cell
  walls
• Roughage- insoluble (bran, brown rice)
• Fiber-soluble (fruits and veggies)
• Glycogen Stored animal starch. Found in muscles
  and liver
• www.public.iastate.edu/pkeeling/Starches.htm

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Lipids

• Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
• Supply us with stored or long-term energy!
• Examples fats, oils and waxes
• Saturated fats Solid at room temperature
• Animal Fats
• Single bonds between carbons in fatty acid chain
• Unsaturated fats Liquid at room temperature
• Plant oils
• Some double bonds. (polyunsaturated/monounsaturate
  d)
• Cholesterol Used to manufacture cell membranes
  are found in various hormones
• LDL Low density lipoproteinBAD!
• HDL High density lipoproteinGOOD!
• Lipids are transported in proteins.dense
  better

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Saturated/Unsaturated Fatswww.hsph.harvard.edu/
nutritionsource/fats.html
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Lipids are made of!

• Three Fatty Acid Molecules A Hydrocarbon chain
  bonded to a carboxyl group
• Can be saturated or unsaturated
• One Glycerol A three carbon molecule

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Lipids

• Three Fatty Acid molecules

• One Glycerol

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LipidsDehydration of one glycerol and three
fatty acidsa triglyceride!
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Proteins

• The basic building blocks of all living things
• Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen!
• The building blocks of protein are amino acids
• 20 total amino acid

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Proteins

• The basic building blocks of all living things
• Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen!
• The building blocks of protein are amino acids
• 20 total amino acid

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Amino Acid
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Proteins

• Dipeptide Formed when two amino acids bond
  together
• Polypeptide Formed when multiple amino acids
  bond together. COMPLEX PROTEIN
• Fibrous muscle, nails, hair
• Globular hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes,
  collagen in tendons and ligaments.

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A nice website for review!

• www.blc.arizona.edu/ courses/181summer/04.html