Organic Compounds found in all living organisms:

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Organic Compounds found in all living organisms
REVIEW What does it mean to be
organic? -Contains Carbon -Can decompose
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Organic Compounds found in living organisms 1.
Carbohydrates (C,H,O) -provide quick energy 2.
Proteins (C,H,O,N,S) -build, maintain and repair
our bodies. 3. Lipids (C,H,O) -stored energy
4. Nucleic Acid (C,H,O,N,P) - stores and
transmits our genetic code.
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• 98 of the body is made up of
• Sulfur
• Phosphorus
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• CHNOPS

1 1 63 5 19 9
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Remaining 2 are Trace Elements -occur in
very small amounts which vary person
to person based on the food they
eat. CalciumCa Iron.Fe ChlorineCl Potass
iumK MagnesiumMg SodiumNa
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YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT.
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Carbohydrates Protein Lipids
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Carbohydrates/sugars Roles 1. Provide
quick energy 2. Play a structural role in
plants, bacteria and some
animals. 3. Makes up parts of our cell
membranes.
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Carbohydrates are made up of

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• In a 121 ratio

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Three types of Carbohydrates-each is based on
of molecules bonded together Lets review mono
one di two poly many saccharide s
ugar
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Monosaccharides

• Monosaccharides
• -mono means
• -1
• -one single sugar molecule
• Chemical formula (121 ratio)
• C6H12O6

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Monosaccharides provides us with
- instant energy (0 to 20 min) -simplest form
of a sugar -does not need to be digested
-just needs to be absorbed into our blood
and taken to our ... CELLS
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Every cell in the human body, all 50 trillion of
them, is less than 1mm away from a blood
vessel/capillary. -Cells can easily exchange
food molecules , oxygen and cell waste with our
blood.
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3 Types of Monosaccharides
-have the same chemical formulas of C6H12O6
but they have a slightly different shapes.
Known as ISOMERS. ISO equal (same chemical
formulas)
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1. Glucose
-made by plants during photosynthesis -found in
all green plant products. -C6H12O6
S
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2. Fructose
-Found in all fruits. -C6H12O6
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3. Galactose
-Found in dairy products -C6H12O6
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Quick Review
Carbs provide us with quick energy. Monosaccharid
es are made up of one single sugar
molecule. Monosaccharides are in their simplest
form.does not need to be digested.
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2nd type of carbohydrate
Disaccharides Di means.. 2 Two
monosaccharides bonded together.
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Chemical Formula
C6H12O6

C6H12O6
H2O
Remove water is to dehydrate
C12H24O12
C12H22O11
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Disaccharides provide us with -energy within
approximately 2 hours after eating
them. -this is because they must be digested
down into their simplest form monosaccha
rides. -Where are they digested? -mouth or
small intestines
Energy is released when the bond is broken.
H2O
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3 Types of Disaccharides
C12H22O11

• Sucrose
• -2 monos from plants bonded together
• -Commonly known as table sugar
• -Comes from sugar cane (a green plant)

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2. Maltose -2 monos from plants bonded
together - Malt grain.used to make beer and
other alcohols.
C12H22O11
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3. Lactose -2 monos bonded together -found
in dairy products Did you know????? -Lactose
needs to be digested with the enzyme lactase.
Some people do not have this enzyme so they are
lactose intolerant.
C12H22O11
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Dehydration Synthesis -dehydrateremove
water -synthesis.to make -to make by removing
water -this is what occurs when two
monos bond together to create a disaccharide by
removing one water molecule.
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Dehydration Synthesis
H2O
Glucose
Galactose
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Hydrolysis -hydro..water -lysis to break
open
Hydrolysis occurs when we add water to a
disaccharide when we need to break it down or
digest it.
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Hydrolysis
H2O
Glucose
Galactose
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3rd type of Carb
Polysaccharides -poly means.. many -
many (more than 3 and up to 4000 )
monosaccharides bonded together.
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Must be digested. Takes up to 24 hours to be
totally digested. Each bond between the monos
must be broken. Made up of 3 to 4000 monos so
there is not one common chemical formula.
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3 Types of Polysaccharides

• Starch
• -how plants store excess glucose
• -made up of 4000 glucose molecules bonded
  together
• in a long chain.

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• Glycogen
• How animals store excess glucose.
• When we eat excess carbs our liver converts them
  into glycogen to be stored. If we still do not
  use it then the glycogen is converted into fat
  for storage.

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3. Cellulose -used by plants for structure
and support. -humans can not digest
cellulose -cellulose passes out as the bulk
of our feces.