EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

1
EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• Session I 0930 - 1015
• Dr Deepak B Phatak,
• IIT Bombay

2
SESSION OVERVIEW

• Definition of IT
• Technology That Permits Us To Capture, Validate,
  Store, Retrieve, Analyse, Present, Disseminate,
  And Archieve Information
• Growth Of Modern IT

3
FIVE DECADES OF COMPUTER EVOLUTION

• The Dark Ages
• The Early Electronic Era
• The Middle Ages
• Proliferation of the IT Culture
• The Current Scenario
• What does the Future hold

4
STORED PROGRAM ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS

• John Von Neumann (1903 - 1957)
• Consultant to ENIAC Project
• Proposed EDVAC 1945
• EDVAC completed in 1951

5
STORED PROGRAM ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS

• Manchester MARK I
• Williams Kilburn 1946
• First stored Program
• 21 June 1948 (GC tootills diary)
• 3.5 million operations to calculate highest
  factor of an integer.
• 1,30,000 numbers tested, 52 Min.

6
1956 - 1965

• FORTRAN Invented in 1956
• COBOL Defined Released in 1960
• Algol Developed in Europe
• 3GL Programming Becomes The Backbone of
  Application Software
• Operating Systems Begin Maturing

7
1966 - 1975

• VLSI, 4th Generation Hardware
• Birth of the Microprocessor
• Intel 1972
• Main-Frame Centric Computing Becomes Main Stay
• Direct Access Storage Devices.

8
1966 - 1975 (Contd.)

• Software Crisis Recognized
• S/W Maintenance Receives Attention
• CODASYL Defines First Data Base Management System

9
1966 - 1975

• Codds work on RDBMS released
• IBM System R
• Early work on UNIX and C

10
1976 - 1985

• RDBMS gains Acceptance
• UNIX Replaces proprietary O.S.
• Software Engineering Methodologies
• Mature and get adopted
• Emergence of Standards

11
1986 - 1995

• Microsoft emerges as the main PC Software Company
• Client - Server Computing matures
• Object Technologies Gain acceptance
• RDBMS products standardization, SQL, SQL-2, Draft
  SQL3

12
1986 - 1995 (Contd.)

• DSS, Data Warehousing Defined
• On Line Analytical Processing
• Notions of Data Mining Emerge
• Rapid Growth of Internet
• World Wide Web (WWW)
• Intranets for Corporate Computing

13
1986 - 1995 (Contd.)

• Transaction Processing better understood.
• Evoluation of SMP and MPP architectures
• Digital announces one BIPS processor

14
1986 - 1995 (Contd.)

• Serious work begins on Embedded Systems
• LANs and WANs Gain Momentum
• Network Computer Emerges

15
CURRENT SCENARIO

• Broad spectrum of Resources
• Very Large (24 x 7) OLTP Servers
• Distributed Computing is the Norm
• Embedded Systems are Evolving
• Smart Cards
• Intelligent Appliances

16
CURRENT SCENARIO

• Massive Data Warehouses
• Packaged Software Gains Currency
• Make V/s Buy Decision
• Media Independent Data Formats
• Flexible Delivery Mechanisms

17
THE EMERGING FUTURE

• Internet Outlets in all Buildings
• Information Bonanza
• Anywhere, Anytime, Any form
• Intelligent Appliances Everywhere
• Software Crisis will Deepen
• Change Management ??