WIRELESS NETWORKS: EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 4G

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WIRELESS NETWORKSEVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 4G

• By
• Mr. Sanjay N Makwana
• Exam No. 5010
• Under the guidance of
• Prof. K.R.Parmar

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OUTLINE

• 1. Cellular System Concept
• 2. First Generation Analog Wireless Cellular
  System
• 3. 2G Digital Wireless System
• 4. 2.5G Wireless Mobile Technology
• 5. Third Generation System
• 6. ITU IMT-2000 Family of 3G
• 7. UTRA FDD
• 8. UTRA TDD
• 9. CDMA-2000-MC
• 10. UWC-136
• 11. UMTS Architecture
• 12. Core Issues
• 13. 4G Wireless Technology
• 14. Conclusion

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CELLULAR SYSTEM CONCEPT
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First Generation Analog Wireless Cellular System

• Transmit only analog voice information
• Use FDMA Access Technology which uses 30 KHz
  channels of spectrum each carrying one Telephone
  ckt.
• Types of Analog Cellular System
• 1. AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone Service)
• -First introduced in U.S.
• - 30 KHz radio channel,824MHz to 849 MHz
  Uplink freq. and 869 to 894 MHz downlink, Provide
  832 channels
• 2. TACS (Totol Access Communication System)
• - First Introduced in U.K. in 1985,Use 25
  KHz radio channel
• - 890 to 915 MHz uplink and 869 to 894
  MHz downlink freq.

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• 3. NMT ( Nordic Mobile Telephone)
• - Developed by telecommunication
  administrations of Nordic countries
• - NMT-450 use lower frequency(450 MHz) and
  high Transmitting power
• - NMT-900 use higher frequency and low
  transmitting power
• - Radio channel is of 25 KHz
• 4. NAMPS ( Narrowband AMPS )
• - Introduced by Motorola in 1991
• - Use 10 KHz BW for radio channel

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• 5. JMCS ( Japanese mobile Cellular System )
• - First Launched by Japan in 197
• - MCS-L1 operate in 800 MHz band, Channel BW
  25 KHz
• -MCS-L2 operate in 800 MHz band and channel
  BW is 12.5 KHz
• 6. CNET
• - First started in Germany in 1985
• - operate at 450 MHz and channel BW is 20
  KHz
• 7. MATS-E
• - Combined many of the features used in
  different cellular system
• - Used in France and Kuwait

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2G Digital Wireless System

• It use digital radio signals
• 1G and 2G both use digital signaling to connect
  radio tower to rest of telephone system
• Main 2G technologies are TDMA,CDMA and GSM
• GSM utilizes wider band(200 KHz) carrier
  frequencies and each support 8 time slots

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• Advantages
• 1. Due to digital error checking, sound quality
  is increased
• 2. Allowed digital data services like SMS and
  email
• 3. Digital system emit less power so more cells
  could be placed in same amount of space
• Disadvantages
• 1. Weaker digital signal will not reach a cell
  tower in less populous area
• 2. Under worse condition digital has
  occasional dropout

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2.5G Wireless Mobile Technology

• It enable high speed data transfer over upgraded
  existing 2G network by sending data as packets at
  very fast speed
• 2.5G use two technology
• 1. GPRS ( General Packet Radio Service )
• - It is packet linked technology that
  enable high-speed wireless internet
• - Implemented by adding new packet data
  nodes and upgrading existing node to provide
  routing path for packet data between mobile and
  gateway node

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• 2. EDGE ( Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
  )
• - Uses same TDMA frame structure and
  200 KHz carrier bandwidth as todays GSM networks
  using high level modulation
• - Quaternary- Offset QAM has been
  proposed because It provide higher data rates and
  good spectral efficiency

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Third Generation System

• ITU has defined the demands for third generation
  mobile network with IMT-2000 standard. System
  that fulfils IMT-2000 standard is UMTS
• 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone
  network evolved to incorporate high speed
  internet access
• 3G uses 0.5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver
  higher data rates and increased capacity

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• 3G cellular services known as UMTS or IMT-2000
  has following main characteristics
• - A single family of compatible standard that
  can be used worldwide
• - Support for both packet-switched and
  circuit switched data transmission
• - Data rates up to 2 Mbps ( In stationary
  mode)
• - High spectrum efficiency

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Services and Speed
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ITU IMT-2000 family of 3G
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UTRA FDD
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UTRA TDD
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CDMA-2000-MC
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UWC-136
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UMTS Architecture
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Core issues

• Expensive input fee for service licenses
• Expense of 3G phones
• Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for new 3G
  service
• Lack of coverage because it is still a new
  service
• Lack of member state support for financially
  troubled operators

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4G Wireless Technology

• This technology is expected to be available by
  2010
• 4G being developed with following objectives
• - Speeds up to 50 times higher than 3G
• - To accomplish multi-service capacity
  integrating all the mobile technologies that
  exist
• - This network must be available to users
  ant time, anywhere
• - Low bit cost is essential where high
  volume of data are transmitted
• To be able to use 4G mobile networks, mobile
  terminal must be able to choose from available
  wireless networks the one to use with specific
  service
• Terminal mobility is key factor to the success of
  4G network

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CONCLUSION

• The explosive growth of mobile wireless usage and
  ever increasing need for high-speed data services
  accelerated the need for the deployment of 3G
  technologies

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References

• Mischa Schwartz, Mobile Wireless Communication
  Cambridge Press Publication
• Dr. Ingwolfgang Granzow, Lecture on 3rd
  Generation Mobile communication System (year
  2000)
• Josue Valencia, Paper on 3G Wireless
  Technologies (year 2000)
• Ben Patterson, Paper on 3G Cell Phone Services
  (year 2008)
• http//en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title1G
• http//en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title2G
• http//en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title3G
• http//en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title4G

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Thanks