American History Chapter 3: An Emerging New Nation

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American History Chapter 3 An Emerging New
Nation

• III. Religion and Reform

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Bell Ringer

• What would be your ideal society?
• Would it have rules and standards?
• What kind of rules?
• What kind of values would it promote?
• Can you define abolitionism, suffrage,
  transcendentalism?

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Objectives

• See how religion and philosophy affected the
  growing American reform movement.
• Learn about reform movements that emerged in the
  early 1800s.
• Find out how the antislavery movement arose and
  grew.
• Discover the ways in which womens roles changed
  in the early 1800s
• Read about factors that caused growing social
  divisions in America.
• Illinois State Standards Met
• STATE GOAL 16 Understand events, trends,
  individuals and movements shaping the history of
  Illinois, the United States and other nations.
• 16.D.5 (US) Analyze the relationship between an
  issue in United States social history and the
  related aspects of political, economic and
  environmental history
• 16.E.5a (W) Analyze how technological and
  scientific developments have affected human
  productivity, human comfort and the environment.

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Americas Population Young and Growing

• Population growth from 1780-1830 2.7 mil 12
  mil
• Lots of young people
• Women averaged 5 children
• Place to go was west of the Appalachians

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The blackhawk War of 1832

• 1804 some Sauk and Fox Indians were visiting St.
  Louis. Signed a deal seceding all land east of
  the Mississippi. Not chiefs.
• 1825 Blackhawk and Keokuk singed a treaty in
  English that gave the land up again. And forced
  off by 1828
• 1832 US not paying money or food and Indians
  starving, Blackhawk crossed Mississippi to live
  with the Winnebagos.
• No food or military aid arrived US sent army,
  Blackhawk tried to get back.
• Raided Apple River Fort settlement for food.
• Stillman Run
• 800 men, women, and children massacred at Bad Axe
  Wisconsin trying to cross the Mississippi.
• Aftermath 3 future presidents fought, Lincoln,
  Taylor, Davis
• Blackhawk traveled to DC, met with Jackson, given
  a tour of US cities on the way home.

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Industrial Revolution

• - Industrial Revolution effort, beginning in
  Britain in the late 1700s, to increase
  production by using machines powered by sources
  other than humans or animals.
• James Wattss steam engine, Samuel Slater's
  textile mill, Eli Whitney's interchange parts
  (gun) and cotton gin
• - Cotton gin machine that separates cotton
  seeds from raw fibers.
• Robert Fultons steamboat the Clermont
• 3,000 miles of canals built Erie Canal (363
  mile 1825) connected all 5 Great Lakes
• 1828 the first Railroad (B and O) was built in
  Baltimore and Maryland. By 1840 there were 3,300
  miles of rail built.
• Postal service grew newspapers and magazines
  now available

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A) The Roots of Reform Religion and Philosophy

• Charles Grandison Finney emphasized the power to
  reform yourself. Lyman Beecher taught good
  people will make a good country.
• - transcendentalism rise above spiritual
  discovery and insight would lead a person to
  truths through reason
• Henry David Thoreau people are good be
  self-reliant and have courage to act on their own
  beliefs.
• Wrote Walden book on living simply.
• Leader of the transcendentalists was Ralph Waldo
  Emerson reformer started an American
  renaissance in literature neighbor was Thoreau

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B) Reform Movements

• - Temperance Movement campaign to eliminate
  alcohol.
• Threatened family life
• - Abstinence refraining from doing something
• Horace Mann in Massachusetts started tax
  supported free elementary education
• Dorothea Dix Boston school teacher pushed for
  prison reform. Separate facilities and mental
  institutions.
• - Utopian communities small societies dedicated
  to perfection in social and political conditions.

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C) The Antislavery Movement

• - Abolitionist movement movement to end slavery
• Sent freed slaves to Africa Liberia
• William Lloyd Garrison Boston abolitionist,
  editor of the Liberator I will be heard!
• Fredrick Douglass ex-slave abolitionist
  editor of the North Star
• - Underground Railroad network of escape routes
  that provided protection and transportation for
  slaves fleeing north to freedom
• Harriet Tubman the Black Moses 300 trips
• Elijah P. Lovejoy Alton Illinois abolitionist
  shot and killed defending his printing press

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D) Womens Changing Roles

• Middle class women became educated wanted to do
  more
• Lower class women worked for money had to give
  to husband
• No suffrage, no property
• Became Abolitionists both could not vote or
  hold public office
• Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Toms Cabin
• - Senaca Falls Convention first womens right
  convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• - Suffrage right to vote
• Sojourner Truth page 133

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E) Growing Social Divisions

• Differences between North and South rich and
  poor growing sharper
• Irish immigrants settled in the Northeast cities
  cheap labor no jobs in South potato famine
• German immigrants settled in Midwest failed
  rebellion
• - discrimination unequal treatment of a group
  because of their nationality, race, sex, or
  religion

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Second Great Awakening

• - Second Great Awaking Religious movement of
  the early 1800s
• Common feature was a revival, where people were
  brought back to a religious life.
• Joseph Smith published The Book of Mormon
  Church of Jesus Christ and Later-day Saints
  church centered in North America, not Jerusalem,
  free of ministers, truer, more simpler

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Review

• How did religion and philosophy affect the
  growing American reform movement?
• What reform movements emerged in the early 1800s?
• How did the antislavery movement arise and grow?
• In what ways did womens roles change in the
  early 1800s?
• What factors caused growing social divisions in
  America?