American History Chapter 16: The New Deal

1
American History Chapter 16 The New Deal

• I. Forging a New Deal

2
Objectives

• Explore Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelts roles in
  restoring the nations hope.
• Learn about the major New Deal programs that were
  created in the first hundred days, and find out
  about some of FDRs key players in these
  programs.
• Discover what caused the New Deal to falter.
• Review the key goals and accomplishments of the
  Second New Deal
• Interpret the significance of the outcome of the
  1936 election.

3
Bell Ringer

• Imagine that all members of your household were
  out of work, had no hope of finding a job, and
  received no government benefits.
• What would you want your government to do?
• What are some current government programs that
  are designed to help families that are out of
  work?
• Page 536

4
A) Restoring the Nations Hope

• Second Bonus Army Eleanor calmed them down
• FDR spoke in fireside chats to the people
  restored hope
• New Deal referred to the relief, recovery, and
  reform programs of FDRs administration

5
B) The First Hundred Days

• Hundred days Period at the start of FDRs
  presidency in 1933, when many New Deal programs
  were passed by Congress
• Bank holiday closed down all banks could only
  re-open if deemed healthy by the government
  2/3 were confidence
• Savings increased loans increased money into
  the economy
• FDIC insure bank deposits
• Federal Securities Act business must publish
  info about finances
• SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
  regulate stock market
• Devalued the US dollar made things cheaper
  stimulate trade raise farm prices

6
a) Providing Relief and Creating Jobs

• FERA established Federal Emergency Relief
  Administration help poor
• Public works programs government funded
  projects to build public facilities create jobs
• Civilian Conservation Corps maintained forests,
  beaches, and parks (2.5mil)
• CWA Civil Works Administration roads, parks,
  and airports (4mil)

7
b) Regulating the Economy

• NIRA National Industrial Recovery Act
• NRA National Recovery Administration created
  codes to spell out fair business practices
• Helped labor
• PWA Public Works Administration Grand Coulee
  Dam, Triborough Bridge, and Key West Highway

8
c) Assisting Homeowners and Farmers

• HOLC Home Owners Loan Corporation refinanced
  loans at lower interest
• Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
  paid subsidies to farmers that cut production
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) provided cheap
  power, flood control, and recreational
  opportunities in a underdeveloped

9
C) Key Players in the New Deal

• FDR had a brain trust of people that helped him
• Frances Perkins first women cabinet member
  Labor
• Mary McLeod Bethune black women National
  Youth Administration (jobs for people 16 25) -
  highest black position during New Deal
• Eleanor Roosevelt traveled for her husband
  some thought did too much most admired her for
  her political skills, humanity, and idealism

10
D) The New Deal Falters

• Programs did not help wide scale
• Hoover worried about increase of government
  power socialism
• Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional it
  could make laws
• Also declared the AAA tax unconstitutional

11
E) A Second New Deal

• Second New Deal (Second Hundred Days) more
  social welfare benefits, stricter controls over
  business, more support for unions, higher taxes
  on rich
• WPA (Works Progress Administration) work for 8
  mil people
• Resettlement Administration and later the Farm
  Security Administration loaned 1 bil to farmers.
• REA Rural Electrification Administration
  brought electricity to farmers
• Wagner Act legalized collective bargaining and
  closed shops
• Closed shops workplaces open only to union
  members
• Social security systems OASDI financial
  security to people who cannot support themselves

12
F) The 1936 Election

• FDR destroyed Republican Alfred Landon 523 8
  in the electoral college
• Showed that the people really really really
  supported FDR.

13
Review

• How did Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt work to
  restore the nations hope?
• What major New Deal programs were created in the
  first hundred days, and who were some of FDRs
  key players in these programs?
• What caused the New Deal to falter?
• What were the key goals and accomplishments of
  the Second New Deal?
• What did the outcome of the 1936 election
  indicate?