Chapter 2 Section 3

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Chapter 2 Section 3

• European Conquest of Africa

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Europeans on the Coast

• Before 1500 Europe and Africa traded as equals
• After 1500 it turned into the enslavement and
  forced migration of millions of Africans
• By 1900 Africa was divided among European
  countries

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African Slave Trade
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Portuguese Exploration

• Wanted to trade directly with West Africa
• Wanted to trade with Asia

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Trade with Asia
Dias and De Gama
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Improved Navigation

• Lateen sail (triangle-shaped sail) allowed ships
  to sail against the wind.
• Astrolabe helped navigate at sea.

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Lateen
Astrolabe
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What was Traded?
Africans Traded Gold Cotton Ivory Skins Metal
objects Pepper
African Animal Skins
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What was Traded?

• Europeans Traded
• Copper
• Brass
• Clothing

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What was Introduced from Africa?
Watermelon

• Okra

Rice
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What was Introduced from Europe?

• Corn

Cassava
Yams
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Change in Trade Relations

• Portuguese found an all-water route to the
  far-east
• Discovered the riches of the East African coast
  and seized these riches

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European Trade Spreads

• The Dutch, French and English set up trading
  posts along Africas coasts
• The Dutch built a trading post on the Cape of
  Good Hope

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Cape of Good Hope!
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The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Slave trade existed in Africa before America was
  colonized
• African Americans were treated like property by
  the Europeans settling in America

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The Middle Passage
The Trip from Africa to the Americas was called
the Middle Passage
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Indians or Africans That is the Question!

• European settlers needed laborers for their mines
  and plantations
• Cheaper to use enslaved Indians or Africans than
  to pay workers

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Advantages of Using African Workers

• Disease resistant
• Unfamiliar territory
• They were skilled farmers, miners and metal
  workers

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The Slave Trade Begins

• Some African nations refused to take part
• By 1780 about 80,000 African slaves were being
  shipped to America each year!

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The Horrors of Slavery

• 20 of slaves died on the Middle Passage
• Many died young
• Separated from family
• Susceptible to disease in slave huts

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Slave Beatings!
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Effects of Slavery on Africa

• Some Africans grew wealthy from slave trade
• West Africa lost much of its population
• Not enough skilled workers left
• Families were torn apart
• African societies broke down

African Blacksmith
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Europeans Colonize Africa

• Mid 1800s African slave trade ended
• Europeans then raided Africas interior for
  natural resources
• Europeans claimed empires in Africa

The Industrial Revolution in England required
natural resources
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The Scramble for Africa

• By 1900 European nations had colonized many parts
  of Africa
• To colonize means to settle an area and take
  control of its government

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European Rule
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Effects of European Control on Africa

• African people had little power in their
  governments
• Europeans encouraged rivalries among African
  ethnic groups.
• Europeans took the best land for farming
• Europeans drew new political boundaries

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Rivalries among African Ethnic Groups