Renaissance and Reformation

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Renaissance and Reformation

• Mid 1300s to Mid 1600s- Chapter 14

Michelangelo
Henry the Navigator
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Medici in Florence

• Banking, mining, wool and others
• Money equals power
• Lorenzo The Magnificent financed the arts
  Patron

1449 - 1492 Whoever wants to be happy, let him be
soabout tomorrow there's no knowing
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The ArtsReflected Humanism

• Realism
• The style of art in which the artist strives to
  make the painted scene look as real and natural
  as possible.

• Perspective
• Creating the illusion of space and distance on a
  flat surface such as a canvas or wall

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Ninja Turtles named after 4 Renaissance Artists
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Donatello1386-1466

• Born in Florence
• Father was Wool Guild Master

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Bronze David

• First free standing nude sculpture -1430
• Some believe he portray artists own sexuality

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Leonardo da Vinci
1452-1519
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Painter
Sfumato misty atmosphere
Perspective
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Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
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Inventor
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Scientist
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MICHELANGELO di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
Sculptor Painter Architect
1475-1564
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Sculptor
David 1504Marble
Moses 1515Marble
Pietà 1499 Marble
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?15c
Whatadifferenceacenturymakes!
16c?
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Painter
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The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Completed between 1508 and 1512
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Last Judgment1536 - 1541
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Architect
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Raphael 1483 - 1520
Madonna del Cardellino 1507
The Prince of Painters."
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Stanze in the Palazzi Pontifici, Vatican
The School of Athens 1509
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Renaissance in Northern Europe (1500-1615)
Beginsafter the plague In the prosperous cities
of Flanders The rest of Europe followed 100 yrs
later
Albrecht Durer (German Leonardo)
St Anne with the Virgin and Child
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Literature in the North
Started writing for the common people using
their language

• Shakespeare
• Wrote 37 plays about social problems and
  political power

• Cervantes
• Spanish mocked medieval chivalry with Don Quixote

• Rabelis
• Wrote stories about Giants

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The printing press
Technology

• By 1300's paper making
• By 1400's movable type
• 1456 Johann Gutenberg printed the bible using
  metal moveable type
• By 1500, more than 20 million books were printed
• By 1600, 200 million were in circulation

Impact

• Books were cheaper
• Literacy rate began to go up
• Knowledge level increased
• People were exposed to new ideas

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Indulgences

• The Church (Pope Leo X) also promoted the sale of
  indulgences (pardon for a sin committed during a
  persons lifetime).
• In the Middle Ages they were given because of
  good deeds but that changed in the Renaissance
• By the 1400s the church was selling them for
  money

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Martin Luther

• Posted 95 Theses
• A list against indulgences
• Printed and distributed all over Europe
• Excommunicated in 1521
• Went into hiding
• Became a hero to thousands

1483 - 1546
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Luthers Teachings

• Justification by faith
• Bible was the only source of religious truth
• Rejected church priesthood saying all who
  believed had the priesthood
• Rejected five of the seven sacraments
• Banned indulgences, confession, pilgrimages and
  prayer to saints
• Abolished elaborate ritual and ceremony
• Allowed clergy to marry

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Protestants...those who protested papal authority

• John CalvinSet up a theocracy in Geneva
• Salvation through faith alone
• PredestinationSaints and sinners
• Stressed hard work, discipline, thrift, honesty
  and morality
• Spread to Germany, France, Netherlands, England
  and Scotland

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Other Reformation Ideas
14.4

• Anabaptists
• Rejected infant baptism
• Some sought radical social change
• Abolition of private property
• Most were peaceful and law abiding

Mennonites and Amish have their roots in
Anabaptists
Stressed the fact that salvation is a gift from
God yet, they also taught that it is a
conditional gift, which can be taken away from
the disobedient
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Catholic Reformation

• 1530's and 1540's Pope Paul III
• Revive the moral authority of the church
• Appointed reformers to key posts

• Council of Trent 1545
• Reaffirmed traditional views
• Bible was not the only source of Gods word
• Stiff penalties for corruption in the clergy
• Established new schools to educate the clergy

• Inquisition
• Church court to root out heresies
• Index of forbidden books

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Results of the Catholic Reformation

• The church regained some of its former power
• Europe remained divided
• Protestant north
• Catholic south

Ignatius LoyolaJesuits
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Religious fever spread over Europe

• Jews in Europe
• Spain kicked them out
• Italy put them in ghettos
• Germany made them wear a yellow badge
• Luther wanted them expelled and their
  synagogues/books burned
• Dutch Calvinists took them in

• Protestants against Catholic
• Both against radical groups like Anabaptists

First "official" ghetto established in Rome in
1555 Wore a yellow star
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ALL DONE