THE RENAISSANCE, 1485-1660

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THERENAISSANCE,1485-1660
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THE TERM RENAISSANCE

• THE TERM RENAISSANCE WAS
• FIRST USED IN THE 19TH CENTURY TO
• CHARACTERIZE THE CHANGE THAT
• BEGAN IN THE TIME OF
• CHARLEMAGNE AND CONTINUED
• THROUGH THE 15TH OR 16TH
• CENTURY.

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• THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN 14TH
• CENTURY ITALY, WHERE THE
• CATHOLIC CHURCH FINANCED
• MANY INTELLECTUAL AND
• ARTISTIC ENDEAVORS.

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• AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT
• KNOWN AS HUMANISM BEGAN
• TO USE THE LATIN AND GREEK
• CLASSICS, COMBINED WITH
• TRADITIONAL CHRISTIAN
• THOUGHT, TO TEACH PEOPLE
• HOW TO LIVE AND HOW TO DIE.

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RENAISSANCE MANLEONARDO DA VINCI

• HE IS THE ULTIMATE RENAISSANCE
• MAN. HE PIONEERED NEW
• ARTISTIC TECHNIQUES SUCH AS
• SFUMATO, A WAY OF SOFTENING
• SHARP LINES.

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• DA VINCI WAS A SCIENTIST WHO
• EXPLORED EVERYTHING FROM
• THE MOVEMENT OF WATER TO
• HUMAN ANATOMY, AS WELL AS
• AN ENGINEER WHO DESIGNEDD
• VARIOUS FLYING AND MILITARY
• MACHINES.

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• GUTENBERGS PRINTING PRESS
• HELPED SPREAD THE NEW
• KNOWLEDGE, MAKING MORE
• BOOKS AVAILABLE TO MORE
• PEOPLE THAN EVER BEFORE.

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THE SISTINE CHAPEL

• THE CHAPEL IS NAMED AFTER
• POPE SIXTUS IV, WHO COM-
• MISSIONED ITS CONSTRUCTION
• (1473-81).

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• THE CHAPELS INTERIOR WALLS
• FEATURE FRESCOES DEPICTING
• EVENTS FROM THE LIFE OF CHRIST
• AND MOSES, PAINTED BY A
• NUMBER OF ARTISTS.

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• THE OLD TESTAMENT STORIES ON
• THE CEILING AND THE LAST
• JUDGMENT ON THE WALL BEHIND
• THE ALTAR ARE THE WORKS OF
• MICHELANGELO.
• MICHELANGELO ALSO WROTE
• POETRY, BUT HE IS LESS FAMOUS
• FOR HIS WRITING.

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SIR THOMAS MORE

• HE INSPIRED A NEW LITERARY
• GENRE, THE UTOPIAN NOVEL.

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• DEFYING CUSTOM, SIR THOMAS
• MORE TAUGHT LATIN TO HIS
• DAUGHTER MEG FEW WOMEN IN
• RENAISSANCE EUROPE WERE
• GIVEN ANY KIND OF HIGHER
• EDUCATION.

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THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

• THIS WAS A TIME OF INTERNAL
• REFORM IN THE CHURCH, AS WELL
• AS A TIME OF CXRITICISM FROM
• THOSE WHO CHOSE TO BREAK
• AWAY.

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• POPE PAUL III, FOR EXAMPLE,
• CONVENED THE COUNCIL OF
• TRENT IN 1545 TO INVESTIGATE
• THE SELLING OF INDULGENCES,
• OR RELIGIOUS PARDONS, AND
• OTHER ABUSES.

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PROTESTANTISM

• LUTHER BEGAN THE LUTHERAN
• CHURCH SOON OTHERS,
• INCLUDING THE ANGLICAN,
• CALVINIST, AND ANABAPTIST
• FAITHS, SPRANG UP.

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• ALL OF THESE FAITHS,AND THE
• DENOMINATIONS THAT
• DEVELOPED FROM THEM, SUCH
• AS METHODIST, EPISCOPAL, AND
• PRESBYTERIAN, HAVE COME TO BE
• CALLED PROTESTANT.

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• STRONG FEELINGS OF PATRIOTISM
• AND NEW IDEAS COMING FROM
• THE CONTINENT ENCOURAGED
• PEOPLE TO QUESTION THE
• AUTHORITY OF THE CATHOLIC
• CHURCH AND TO OBJECT TO THE
• FINANCIAL BURDENS IMPOSED ON
• THEM BY THE POPE IN ROME.

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KING HENRY VIII

• IN 1531, REFUSED AN
• ANNULMENT BY THE POPE,
• HENRY VIII BROKE WITH THE
• CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ROME AND
• DECLARED HIMSELF HEAD OF THE
• ENGLISH CHURCH.

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• THIS MARKED THE BEGINNING OF
• THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
• IN ENGLAND.

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• KING HENRY VIIIS RULE WAS
• BOLD AND BLOODY. HE
• INCREASED ENGLANDS
• STRENGTH AND ENSURED ITS
• SECURITY BY BUILDING UP THE
• ROYAL NAVY, BUT THOSE CLOSE
• TO THE KING PAID A HIGH PRICE.

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KING HENRYS GREATEST ACCOMPLISHMENT

• IT WAS THE CREATION OF WHAT
• WOULD BECOME THE MODERN
• ADMIRALTY, OR THE
• GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT IN
• CHARGE OF THE NAVY.

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WARS OF THE ROSES

• THE WARS OF THE ROSES BEGAN
• IN 1455 AND WERE FOUGHT BY
• THE RIVAL FAMILIES OF YORK AND
• LANCASTER.
• IN 1485, SO MANY BARONIAL
• FAMILIES WERE EXTINGUISHED

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• THAT THE HIERARCHY OF
• SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE IN
• ENGLAND WAS PERMANENTLY
• ALTERED, ALLOWING HENRY VII
• TO BECOME KING.

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BLOODY MARY

• MARY TUDOR SUCCEEDED HER
• FATHER HENRY VIII. IMMEDIATELY,
• SHE KILLED PROTESTANTS (BURNED
• AT THE STAKE) AND REVERSED HER
• FATHERS POLICIES SHE RESTORED
• THE POPES POWER IN ENGLAND.

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ELIZABETH VIRGIN QUEEN

• ELIZABETH I WAS ONE OF THE
• MOST BRILLIANT AND
• SUCCESSFUL MONARCHS IN
• HISTORY. HER DEEPEST PASSION WAS
• TO RULE. SHE WOULD NEVER GIVE
• HERSELF A MASTERA HUSBAND.

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MARY STUARTQUEEN OF SCOTS

• SHE WAS ELIZABETHS COUSIN,
• NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH
• BLOODY MARY, HER HALF-SISTER.

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• MARY CLAIMED THE THRONE OF
• SCOTLAND (INDEPENDENT OF
• ENGLAND) AFTER HER HUSBANDS
• DEATH. HER TIES TO FRANCE
• (HUSBAND WAS FRANCIS II) AND
• SPAIN MADE HER A POWERFUL
• THREAT TO ELIZABETHS ENGLAND.

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• ELIZABETH I OF ENGLAND HAD
• HER COUSIN MARY STUART,
• QUEEN OF SCOTS, BEHEADED AT
• FOTHERINGAY ON FEBRUARY 8,
• 1587.

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• IN 1588, THE ENGLISH ROYAL
• NAVY DEFEATED THE SPANISH
• ARMADA. THIS STUNNING SEA
• VICTORY ASSURED ENGLANDS
• INDEPENDENCE FROM THE
• POWERFUL CATHOLIC COUNTRIES
• OF THE MEDITERRANEAN.

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• ELIZABETH ENCOURAGED AND
• INSPIRED MANY WRITERS. WITH
• THE ERA OF PEACE AND
• PROSPERITY THAT FOLLOWED THE
• DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH
• ARMADA, THE ENGLISH STARTED
• WRITING AS NEVER BEFORE.

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• THE POLITICAL CLIMATE IN
• ENGLAND BEGAN TO CHANGE
• AFTER ELIZABETHS DEATH. THE
• END OF THE ENGLISH
• RENAISSANCE IS USUALLY
• MARKED BY THE RETURN OF THE
• EXILED KING IN 1660.

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• BY THIS TIME, MORE POLITICAL
• AND SECULAR VALUES WERE
• BEGINNING TO CHALLENGE THE
• ACCEPTED DOCTRINES OF
• RELIGION.

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JAMES AND JACOBEAN ENGLAND

• JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND WAS THE
• ONLY SON OF MARY, QUEEN OF
• SCOTS, AND HER SECOND
• HUSBAND, AN ENGLISH
• NOBLEMAN NAMED LORD
• DARNLEY.

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• WHEN JAMES SUCCEEDED HIS
• MOTHERS COUSIN ELIZABETH AS
• SOVEREIGN OF ENGLAND, HE WAS
• CALLED JAMES I BECAUSE HE WAS
• FIRST TO RULE ENGLAND.

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• THE REIGN OF JAMES IS CALLED
• THE JACOBEAN PERIOD.
• JACOBUS IS THE LATIN FORM OF
• JAMES.

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QUICK SUMMARY
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• THE TERM RENAISSANCE
• REFERS TO A REBIRTH OF INTEREST IN THE
  WRITINGS OF CLASSICAL GREECE AND ROME.

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• NEW CREATIVITY IN THE ARTS
• FIRST APPEARED DURING THIS ERA IN ITALY.

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• RENAISSANCE HUMANISTS DID
• NOT REJECT THE BIBLE.

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• 4. THE INVENTION OF PRINTING
• HELPED MAKE CLASSICAL
• TEXTS MORE READILY
• AVAILABLE.

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• 5. IN ALL COUNTRIES WHERE THE
• REFORMATION OCCURRED, A
• KEY ELEMENT WAS THE
• REJECTION OF THE AUTHORITY
• OF THE POPE.

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