The Renaissance and Reformation

1
The Renaissance and Reformation
CHAPTER 15

• Section 1 The Italian Renaissance
• Section 2 The Northern Renaissance
• Section 3 The Protestant Reformation
• Section 4 The Catholic Reformation
• Section 5 Culture and Daily Life

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Objectives
Section 1
The Italian Renaissance

• Identify the factors that led to the Italian
  Renaissance and describe the characteristics of
  Renaissance thought.
• Explain how Renaissance writers combined
  classical teachings and Christian doctrine.
• Describe how Renaissance art differed from art of
  the Middle Ages.

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An Era of Awakening
Section 1
The Italian Renaissance

• Causes ruins of Roman Empire, Byzantines had
  preserved Greek and Roman learning, trade with
  Asia and Africa
• The humanities crucial approach to learning,
  studied classics, admired human achievement

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Italian Renaissance Writers
Section 1
The Italian Renaissance

• Petrarch studied classical writers, believed it
  is important to lead a full and active life here
  on earth
• Machiavelli lack of concern for conventional
  morality

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Italian Renaissance Artists
Section 1
The Italian Renaissance

• Realistic scenes and images instead of religious
  concerns
• Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper and Mona Lisa
• Michelangelo Sistine Chapel ceiling

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Objectives
Section 2
The Northern Renaissance

• Explain how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance
  spread to other parts of Europe.
• Describe how northern Renaissance writers
  differed from Italian humanists.
• List the principal characteristics of northern
  Renaissance art.

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The Spread of Ideas
Section 2
The Northern Renaissance

• Johannes Gutenberg used movable type to print
  books, copies of Bible

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Northern Renaissance Writers
Section 2
The Northern Renaissance

• Desiderius Erasmus studied early Christian as
  well as classical culture
• Thomas More Utopia
• William Shakespeare transformed well-known
  stories into dramatic masterpieces

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Northern Renaissance Artists
Section 2
The Northern Renaissance

• Great attention to detail, facial expressions
• Realistic human figures and subject matter

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Objectives
Section 3
The Protestant Reformation

• Discuss the developments that led to the
  Reformation.
• Describe how Martin Luther protested against the
  Roman Catholic Church and began a new church.
• Identify the factors that caused the spread of
  Protestantism.
• Explain the role that Calvinism played in the
  Reformation.

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An Era of Reform
Section 3
The Protestant Reformation

• Humanists believed the catholic church had lost
  sight of its mission
• Causes humanists urged believers who were
  unhappy with traditional religion to withdraw
  from the church and meet with like-minded people
• These claims lead to the reform movement called
  the Reformation. This would split the Catholic
  church up in Europe

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• The beginning popes sold indulgences to raise
  money

This German artist criticizes the pope himself,
showing him as a moneychanger at the sale of
indulgences.
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Martin Luther
Section 3
The Protestant Reformation

• Luthers protest publicly challenged the
  selling of indulgences in 95 theses

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• Break with the church Pope Leo X
  ex-communicated Luther, Diet of Worms
• Protestantism the princes supporting Luther
  protested the emperors treatment of him

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The Spread of Protestantism
Section 3
The Protestant Reformation

• The rise of sects societies of a few people led
  by a preacher
• The Anglican Church Henry VIIIs desire for a
  divorce caused him to create the Church of
  England which did grant the divorce

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Calvinism
Section 3
The Protestant Reformation

• Calvins church The Institutes of the Christian
  Religion emphasized predestination, righteous
  living
• Calvinism spreads Huguenots in France,
  minorities in Poland, Hungary, Scotland,
  Netherlands, England, North American colonies

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Objectives
Section 4
The Catholic Reformation

• Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the
  Reformation.
• Discuss the results of the Reformation and the
  Counter-Reformation.

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The Counter-Reformation
Section 4
The Catholic Reformation

• Counter-Reformation tactics inquisition-
  (burning at the stake), Index of Forbidden Books
• Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation Jesuits
  founded by Ignatius de Loyola

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Council of Trent Painted by Titian

• The Council of Trent clarified doctrines (end
  abuses of the sale of indulgences), emphasized
  ceremonies to celebrate catholic tradition

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• Burning at the stake.

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Pope Paul III, who reigned as pope from 1534 to
1549, worked to revive a spiritual outlook in the
Catholic Church. He appointeddevout and learned
men as bishops and cardinals.
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Results of the Religious Upheaval
Section 4
The Catholic Reformation

• Diversity of churches appeared
• Education grew
• National governments gained more power

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Many schools, including theDutch University of
Leidenshown here, were establishedduring the
Reformation.
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The Reformation
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Objectives
Section 5
Culture and Daily Life

• Explain why Europeans believed in superstitions.
• Describe the characteristics of daily life that
  were typical in Europe during the Reformation.
• Explain how knowledge spread to European
  villages.
• Identify the factors that caused changes in the
  daily lives of Europeans.

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Superstitions
Section 5
Culture and Daily Life

• The world of spirits believed God was a
  distant, unknowable force people looked for
  explanations of and control over daily life
• Belief in witchcraft wise people who gave
  explanations were witches

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Daily Life
Section 5
Culture and Daily Life

• Forms of recreation people came together to
  drink, sew, do simple chores, or tell stories
• Violence and protest in the village close-knit
  communities quarrels were common

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The Spread of Knowledge
Section 5
Culture and Daily Life

• Books for the masses broadsides, almanacs
• Religious ideas and education printed books
  became available, primary schools were founded

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Changes in Daily Life
Section 5
Culture and Daily Life

• The economy standard of living rose for some
• Diet new spices and vegetables
• Housing people moved from country to cities
  had only necessities
• Decline of traditional culture rational
  thinking more widespread