Chapter 20 Section 1

1
Chapter 20 Section 1

• Kennedy and the Cold War

2
The Election of 1960

• Voters restless in 1960
• Economy in recession
• Soviets developed Sputnik I and long range
  missiles

3
The Election of 1960

• Democratic nominee for President-John F. Kennedy

4
The Election of 1960

• Republican opponent-Richard Nixon

5
The Election of 1960

• 1960 election closest since 1888
• JFK wins

6
Kennedy the Candidate

• Well organized campaign

7
Kennedy the Candidate

• Had to overcome obstacles
• Only 43-many though inexperienced
• Catholic- People were afraid he would be too
  influenced by the Pope

8
Televised Debate

• Nixon/Kennedy debate was the 1st televised debate
  between presidential candidates

9
Televised Debate

• People didnt seem to care about experience-cared
  more about looks and speech

10
Televised Debate

• Nixon lost the image battle
• JFK was coached by TV producers looked better
  than Nixon

11
Televised Debate

• Gave JFK a boost in the polls

12
Kennedy and King

• October 1960-Atlanta police arrest MLK Jr.
• King sentenced to 4 months hard labor

13
Kennedy and King

• JFK phoned Kings wife to express sympathy

14
Kennedy Takes Command

• Cold War occupied much of JFKs attention

15
Kennedy Takes Command

• Blasted republicans for allowing Communism to
  move to Cuba

16
Kennedy Takes Command

• Eisenhower relied on threat of massive retaliation

17
Kennedy Takes Command

• Developed a policy of Flexible response
• Developing American non-nuclear forces in case
  there was a minor conflict

18
Kennedy Takes Command

• Flexible Response resulted in an increase in
  military spending

19
Kennedy Takes Command

• Tripled nuclear capabilities of the US

20
Crisis Over Cuba

• Cuba 90 miles from the US
• Eisenhower cuts off diplomatic relations w/ Cuba
  1/3/61

21
The Cuban Dilemma

• Castro promised democracy
• Led a guerrilla war against dictator Fulgencio
  Batista

22
The Cuban Dilemma

• US recognized new Castro govmt
• Believed Castro was a freedom fighter

23
The Cuban Dilemma

• Broke up commercial farms and made them communes

24
The Cuban Dilemma

• Others said Castro betrayed the Revolution

25
The Bay of Pigs

• Summer 1960- Eisenhower gave CIA permission to
  secretly train hundreds of Cuban exiles

26
The Bay of Pigs

• Approved the plan
• Promised air support to Cuban exiles
• April 17, 1961 1,400 Cuban exiles landed in
  Southern Cuba

27
The Bay of Pigs

• Nothing worked
• A prior air strike failed to knock out the Cuban
  air force even thought the CIA said it did

28
The Bay of Pigs

• The commandos that did reach the island were met
  by 20,000 Cuban soldiers backed by Soviet jets
  and tanks

29
The Bay of Pigs

• Castro turned this into a public relations triumph

30
The Bay of Pigs

• JFK embarrassed

31
The Bay of Pigs

• JFK negotiated w/ Castro for the return of the
  captured commandos

32
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Cuba had a powerful ally in the Soviet Union

33
Cuban Missile Crisis

• JFK told Soviets the US would not tolerate
  offensive nuclear weapons in Cuba

34
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Some of these sites contained missiles ready to
  launch

35
Cuban Missile Crisis

• October 22, 1961- JFK informs nation of the
  Soviet missiles in Cuba

36
Cuban Missile Crisis

• For the next 6 days- the world faced the
  possibility of nuclear war

37
Cuban Missile Crisis

• 20,000 US troops assembled in Florida-largest
  invasion force ever assembled in the US

38
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Soviet Ships suddenly stop to avoid confrontation

39
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Crisis damaged Khrushchevs prestige
• Criticized for backing down from the US

40
Cuban Missile Crisis

• JFK criticized as well

41
Cuban Missile Crisis

• Others believed JFK had been too soft

42
Effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis

• Many Cuban exiles blamed Democrats for losing
  Cuba and became Republicans

43
The Berlin Crisis

• Crisis emerged shortly after bay of Pigs fiasco

44
The Berlin Crisis

• In 11 years since Berlin Airlift- 3 million east
  Germans (20 of the E. German population) fled to
  West Berlin

45
The Berlin Crisis

• Khrushchev threatened to close off West Berlin

46
The Berlin Crisis

• US nuclear power prevented the Soviets from
  closing off Berlin

47
The Berlin Crisis

• Berlin wall ended Berlin crisis
• Further aggravated Col War tension

48
Searching for Ways to Ease Tensions

• April 1963- JFK proposed the creation of a
  hotline between Washington DC and Moscow
• The 2 leaders could now communicate directly
  should a crisis arise

49
Searching for Ways to Ease Tensions

• Limited Test Ban Treaty- barred nuclear testing
  in the atmosphere