World War I:

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World War I

• The war to end all wars

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The end of the Enlightenment
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The end of the Enlightenment

• Technology is no longer used for the betterment
  of mankind

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World War I
The Great War
The War to make the world safe for democracy
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Causes of World War I -
MANIA
M A N I A
ilitarism policy of building up strong military
forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and
protect one another
ationalism pride in or devotion to ones
country
mperialism when one country takes over another
country economically and politically
ssassination murder of Austrian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
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Causes of WWI - Militarism
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus. in millions of
s (British pounds).
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10
Britain 13
Russia 39
Germany 73
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Causes of WWI - Alliances
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
Great Britain
Germany
France
Austria-Hungary
Russia
Italy
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Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of
all German speaking countries
Germanic Countries
Austria Belgium Denmark Iceland Germany
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden
Switzerland United Kingdom
German speaking country
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Imperialism European conquest of Africa
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TheSpark-What started the war to end all
wars
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Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
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Causes of WWI - Assassination
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in
Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that
Bosnia should belong to Serbia.
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Causes of WWI - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinands death and
declared war on Serbia.
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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinands death and
declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria
-Hungary.
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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinands death and
declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria
-Hungary. example of Pan-German nationalism
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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinands death and
declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria
-Hungary. example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
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The Point of No Return
Germany declares war on Russia.

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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.

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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.

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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.

Germany invades Belgium on the way to France and
opens up the western front.
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The Point of No Return
The Assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.

Germany invades Belgium on the way to France and
opens up the western front.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war
on Germany.
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Allied Powers
Central Powers
Germany
Great Britain
World War I
France
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia
Italy
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Technology
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Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the
  Germans (and used to fire upon all types of
  ships)

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Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the
  Germans (and used to fire upon all types of
  ships)
• Machine Guns

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Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the
  Germans (and used to fire upon all types of
  ships)
• Machine Guns
• Tanks- British perfected these!

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Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the
  Germans (and used to fire upon all types of
  ships)
• Machine Guns
• Tanks- British perfected these!
• Airplanes

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Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the
  Germans (and used to fire upon all types of
  ships)
• Machine Guns
• Tanks- British perfected these!
• Airplanes
• Tear Gas- Chemical Warfare (Germans used heavily)

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Major Battles
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Major Battles

• Verdun German Offensive.

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Major Battles

• Verdun German Offensive.
• February 21st to December 18th 1916.

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Major Battles

• Verdun German Offensive.
• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed

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Major Battles

• Verdun German Offensive.
• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed
• Ypres A single battle. G.B. attacks German
  position.

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Major Battles

• Verdun German Offensive.
• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed
• Ypres A single battle - G.B. attacks German
  position.
• July 31st to December 18th 1917.

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Major Battles

• Verdun German Offensive.
• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed
• Ypres A single battle - G.B. attacks German
  position.
• July 31st to December 18th 1917.
• 245,000 British dead, 260,000 Germans dead, 8,000
  French dead

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Major Battles

• Verdun German Offensive.
• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed
• Ypres A single battle - G.B. attacks German
  position.
• July 31st to December 18th 1917.
• 245,000 British dead, 260,000 Germans dead, 8,000
  French dead
• 60,000 British soldiers drowned in the mud.

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(No Transcript)
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U.S. Nation of Isolation
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U.S. Nation of Isolation

• Many remembered the Civil War and did not want to
  enter

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U.S. Nation of Isolation

• Many remembered the Civil War and did not want to
  enter
• President Wilson did not want to wage war on
  Germany.

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Why should the US Fight?

• German attacks on civilian cruise ships
  (Lusitania and Sussex) prompted US citizens for
  retaliation.
• Zimmerman telegram

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U.S. Enters the War

• April 6, 1917 The Senate and the House vote to
  declare war on Germany.
• First troops arrived in September and first
  battle involving US troops was in October
• More than 4.7 Million service members served
• 50,000 American lives lost.
• 200,000 wounded.

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Conditions
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Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold

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Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold
• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets,
  rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)

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Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold
• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets,
  rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)
• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with
  rats, dead bodies

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Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold
• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets,
  rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)
• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with
  rats, dead bodies
• Food was scarce and horrible

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Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold
• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets,
  rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)
• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with
  rats, dead bodies
• Food was scarce and horrible
• Lice and fleas in barracks

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Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold
• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets,
  rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)
• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with
  rats, dead bodies
• Food was scarce and horrible
• Lice and fleas in barracks
• Epidemics of the flu and measles.

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Russias Exit
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Russias Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.

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Russias Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.
• Russians have lost great number of soldiers, food
  is scarce, they are tired of fighting.

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Russias Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.
• Russians have lost great number of soldiers, food
  is scarce, they are tired of fighting.
• Bolshevik Revolution (communists) take over
  Russia in a Coup (overthrow of government)

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Russias Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.
• Russians have lost great number of soldiers, food
  is scarce, they are tired of fighting.
• Bolshevik Revolution (communists) take over
  Russia in a Coup (overthrow of government)
• Nicholas II is killed.

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The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.

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The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.
• Germanys resources are few, but still more than
  the Allies.

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The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.
• Germanys resources are few, but still more than
  the Allies.
• France is almost defeated.

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The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.
• Germanys resources are few, but still more than
  the Allies.
• France is almost defeated.
• US enters with more soldiers and weapons and
  drives Germany back.

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The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.
• Germanys resources are few, but still more than
  the Allies.
• France is almost defeated.
• US enters with more soldiers and weapons and
  drives Germany back.
• US helps by destroying German submarines in the
  Atlantic Ocean.

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The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.
• Germanys resources are few, but still more than
  the Allies.
• France is almost defeated.
• US enters with more soldiers and weapons and
  drives Germany back.
• US helps by destroying German submarines in the
  Atlantic Ocean.
• Austria-Hungary withdraws from the war and
  Germany asks for peace.

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Treaty of Versailles
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Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13 of territory in Europe and all
  territory in Africa (colonies)

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Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13 of territory in Europe and all
  territory in Africa (colonies)
• Germany lost Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia (they
  become independent)

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Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13 of territory in Europe and all
  territory in Africa (colonies)
• Germany lost Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia (they
  become independent)
• Poland regains most of its land

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Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13 of territory in Europe and all
  territory in Africa (colonies)
• Germany lost Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia (they
  become independent)
• Poland regains most of its land
• Austria-Hungary divided into independent nations.

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Treaty of Versailles

• Britain and France take over Ottoman Empire
  (Turkey) who sided with Germany.

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Treaty of Versailles

• Britain and France take over Ottoman Empire
  (Turkey) who sided with Germany.
• Germany has to give up most of its military
  equipment including submarine fleet and
  railroads.

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Treaty of Versailles

• Britain and France take over Ottoman Empire
  (Turkey) who sided with Germany.
• Germany has to give up most of its military
  equipment including submarine fleet and
  railroads.
• Germany must pay reparations of 100 million.-
  Woodrow Wilson demands this!

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Effects of Treaty
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Effects of Treaty

• Germany comes close to economic collapse.- Had to
  pay war damages

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Effects of Treaty

• Germany comes close to economic collapse.- Had to
  pay war damages
• League of Nations group of Nations combined to
  ensure there would be no more war.

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Effects of Treaty

• Germany comes close to economic collapse.- Had to
  pay war damages
• League of Nations group of Nations combined to
  ensure there would be no more war.
• Rise of communism in Eastern Europe (ban of
  communist literature in US)

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World War I By the Numbers
Country Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Dead Total Troops
Russia
France
U.K. G.B.
U.S.A.
Germany
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World War I By the Numbers
Country Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Dead Total Troops
Russia 1,800,000 4,950,000 2,000,000 12,000,000
France
U.K. G.B.
U.S.A.
Germany
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World War I By the Numbers
Country Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Dead Total Troops
Russia 1,800,000 4,950,000 2,000,000 12,000,000
France 1,390,000 4,330,000 40,000 8,660,000
U.K. G.B.
U.S.A.
Germany
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World War I By the Numbers
Country Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Dead Total Troops
Russia 1,800,000 4,950,000 2,000,000 12,000,000
France 1,390,000 4,330,000 40,000 8,660,000
U.K. G.B. 900,000 2,090,000 1,000 8,780,000
U.S.A.
Germany
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World War I By the Numbers
Country Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Dead Total Troops
Russia 1,800,000 4,950,000 2,000,000 12,000,000
France 1,390,000 4,330,000 40,000 8,660,000
U.K. G.B. 900,000 2,090,000 1,000 8,780,000
U.S.A. 50,000 230,000 N/A 4,350,000
Germany
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World War I By the Numbers
Country Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Dead Total Troops
Russia 1,800,000 4,950,000 2,000,000 12,000,000
France 1,390,000 4,330,000 40,000 8,660,000
U.K. G.B. 900,000 2,090,000 1,000 8,780,000
U.S.A. 50,000 230,000 N/A 4,350,000
Germany 2,040,000 5,690,000 700,000 13,400,000
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World War I By the Numbers
Country Military Dead Military Wounded Civilian Dead Total Troops
Russia 1,800,000 4,950,000 2,000,000 12,000,000
France 1,390,000 4,330,000 40,000 8,660,000
U.K. G.B. 900,000 2,090,000 1,000 8,780,000
U.S.A. 50,000 230,000 N/A 4,350,000
Germany 2,040,000 5,690,000 700,000 13,400,000
Total 6,180,000 17,290,000 2,741,000 47,190,000