The Early Cold War

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The EarlyCold War The 1950s
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Negotiating the end of the war

• Lessons from history?
• Current conditions?
• Priorities of victorious nations?

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Creation of the United Nations- 1945
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1946
Stalins Speech
George Kennan
Iron Curtain
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In his Two Worlds speech, Stalin makes the case
that the Allied victory in WWII could largely be
attributed to the supremacy of the Soviet social
system, the multinational organization of the
Soviet state, and the superiority of the Soviet
military. Given these assertions, identify two
goals that Stalin outlined in the final portion
of the speech and explain what the US should
infer from each goal presented by Stalin.
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The Iron Curtain
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across
the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient
capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
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The US builds defenses in time of
peace Department of Defense National
Security Council CIA Selective Service
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Maos Revolution 1949
Who lost China? A 2nd Power!
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Communist
Natlist
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The Korean War A Police Action (1950-1953)
NSC-68
Kim Il-Sung
Domino Theory
Syngman Rhee
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1. Civil War in Greece.
2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for
   concessions in the Dardanelles.
3. The U. S. should support free peoples throughout
   the world who were resisting takeovers by armed
   minorities or outside pressuresWe must assist
   free peoples to work out their own destinies in
   their own way.
4. The U.S. gave Greece Turkey 400 million in aid.

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Truman Doctrine 1947
It must be the policy of the US to support free
peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation
by armed minorities or outside pressures.
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Marshall Plan 1948

1. European Recovery Program.
2. Secretary of State, George Marshall
3. The U. S. should provide aid to all European
   nations that need it. This move is not against
   any country or doctrine, but against hunger,
   poverty, desperation, and chaos.
4. European powers must agree to cooperate with one
   another.
5. 12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe

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Post-War Germany
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Berlin Airlift
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Berlin Blockade Airlift (1948-49)
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

• United States
• Belgium
• Britain
• Canada
• Denmark
• France
• Iceland
• Italy

• Luxemburg
• Netherlands
• Norway
• Portugal
• 1952 Greece Turkey
• 1955 West Germany
• 1983 Spain

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Warsaw Pact (1955)

• U. S. S. R.
• Albania
• Bulgaria
• Czechoslovakia

• East Germany
• Hungary
• Poland
• Rumania

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The Arms RaceA Missile Gap?

• The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in
  1949.
• Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

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H-Bomb

• Race Between the US and USSR
• Nov. 1, 1952 US
• August 1, 1953 USSR
• Brinksmanship

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• Which of the two superpowers do you think
  contributed more to Cold War tensions during the
  1950s?