The Cold War

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The Cold War

• Origins and Early Years

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What was the Cold War?

• The Cold War was a period of intense hostility
  between the US and the USSR that stopped just
  short of actual war
• It lasted from 1945-1989

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Origins of the Cold War

• The US and the USSR had a history of mistrust
• They had very different economic and political
  ideas
• They had cooperated during the war when they had
  a common enemy
• However, disputes arose once the war was ending
  at two conferences Yalta and Potsdam
• They disagreed about many things, like who should
  have control over Eastern Europe
• This early rivalry grew into a
• larger conflict the Cold War

4
Yalta
Agreement
Changes

• The Origins of the Cold War
• Yalta and Potsdam

Potsdam
Agreement?
Results
http//www.authentichistory.com/1950s/speeches/194
60305_Winston_Churchill_Iron_Curtain_Speech.html
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How did both sides try to become more powerful
during the Cold War?

• Build Alliances
• Spread their ideas
• Acquire the most weapons
• Win non-war competitions
• Space, Sports
• Win proxy wars
• Korea, Afghanistan

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The Iron Curtain

• In 1946, Winston Churchill gave a famous speech
  about the start of the Cold War
• He said that an iron curtain had fallen across
  Europe
• What do you think he meant by this?

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Truman Doctrine (1947)

• The US must take responsibility for defending
  free peoples who are resisting subjugation
  throughout the world
• Often in the form of economic and military aid
• Why so significant?

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Marshall Plan (1948)

• Named after George Marshall, the US Secretary of
  State
• Gave billions to help Europe recover from the war
• Enacted to prevent any legal Communist takeovers
  in Europe

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Containment

• The general policy of the US towards the USSR
  during the Cold War
• The US wanted to prevent the spread of Communism
  by firm resistance
• How do you think the Soviets viewed Truman and
  his policies?

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The First Problem of the Cold WarThe Division
of Germany
Occupied Germany
Berlin, though in the Soviet section, had been
divided too. In 1948, Stalin begins a blockade of
West BerlinWhat should be done?
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The Solution The Berlin Airlift
(united streaming video)
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1949 A Busy Year
Deterrence Using the threat of a massive
counter-strike to prevent an attack from an
enemy requires both sides to stockpile huge
amounts of weapons
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Results in a Climate of Fear

• http//www.archive.org/details/DuckandC1951

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Korean War (1950-53)

• North Korea invades South Korea to establish a
  Communist regime
• US sends troops to help the South
• The fighting results in a stalemate
• What is the significance?
• (united streaming video)

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1953-1955

• Stalin is replaced by Nikita Khrushchev

• The Warsaw Pact is created
• Most Eastern European states join a military pact
  with the USSR

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Sputnik Space Race
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Berlin Wall

• Ordered by Nikita Khrushchev
• Built to stop flow of refugees to West Berlin
• Symbol of the Cold War
• http//www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G4/cs4/s3.
  htm

http//www.newseum.org/cybernewseum/exhibits/berli
n_wall/index.htm
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You are the President of the United States, and a
spy plane has just brought back this photo from a
run over Cubawhat do you do?
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Cuban Missile Crisis

• The Soviets supplied Cuba (a recent convert to
  Communism) with missiles that could hit the US
• Kennedy and Khrushchev succeed in defusing the
  situation through letters and a naval blockade
• VERY tense moment in the Cold War

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(No Transcript)
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By the 1980s, this is how the world was divided
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If we finish

• Interactive Quizzes
• http//www.schoolhistory.co.uk/lessons/coldwar/tru
  man_matchup.html