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World War I

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The U.S. Mobilizes for War The United States moved the following areas towards the ... or being part of the armed forces as a combatant organization What happens in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: World War I


1
World War I
2
Get out a ½ sheet of paper and answer the
following questions. When you are done, turn in
to the stool.
  1. List the MAIN causes of WWI.
  2. Define each of the MAIN causes of WWI.
  3. What is the SPARK that set off WWI?

3
Europe in Turmoil
  • Long Term (MAIN) Causes of the War
  • 1- Militarism
  • 2- Alliance System
  • 3- Imperialism
  • 4- Nationalism
  • These were all forces pushing Europe into war
  • Tension due to alliances and the build-up of
    military strength

4
To fight or not to fight
  • TO FIGHT!
  • Not to fight

5
To fight or not to fight..
  • What does neutral mean?
  • What is isolationism?
  • Americans oppose joining the Allies
  • Ethnic ties of German Americans
  • Wilsons slogan for 1916 campaign
  • Pacifists believe the war was evil
  • Americans support joining the Allies
  • Cultural ties with Great Britain
  • Economic ties with the Allies
  • Anger at the U-Boat attacks Remember the
    Lusitania!
  • Zimmerman Note

6
  • Ethnic ties
  • Strong cultural ties to the homeland
  • Fight for the Homeland!
  • What does homeland mean?
  • Where were many American immigrants from?
  • Wilsons 1916 Presidential Slogan
  • He kept us out of War
  • Pacifists believe war was evil
  • What does pacifism mean?

7
The Lusitania
  • Ocean liner under British registration
  • Sunk off the Irish Coast by German U-Boat
  • 1198 die 128 U.S. citizen
  • How do Americans react?
  • Unarmed, but Germans allege it did carry
    munitions for Allies

8
The Zimmerman Note
  • 19 January, 1917
  • The Zimmerman Note
  • to the German Minister to Mexico
  • Berlin, January 19, 1917
  • On the first of February we intend to begin
    submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of
  • this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep
    neutral the United States of America.
  • If this attempt is not successful, we propose an
    alliance on the following basis with
  • Mexico That we shall make war together and
    together make peace. We shall give
  • general financial support, and it is understood
    that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in
    New
  • Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left
    to you for settlement....
  • You are instructed to inform the President of
    Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as
    soon
  • as it is certain that there will be an outbreak
    of war with the United States and suggest that
    the
  • President of Mexico, on his own initiative,
    should communicate with Japan suggesting
    adherence at
  • once to this plan at the same time, offer to
    mediate between Germany and Japan.
  • Please call to the attention of the President of
    Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine
  • warfare now promises to compel England to make
    peace in a few months.
  • Zimmerman
  • (Secretary of State)

9
The Zimmerman Note
  • How did Americans react to this?
  • Who was Arthur Zimmerman?
  • German Foreign Secretary starting November 1916.
    On 16 January 1917, sent the fateful "Zimmerman
    Telegram" to the German ambassador to Mexico,
    suggesting an alliance in return for lost
    territories taken by America in the 19th century.
    The telegram, intercepted by British
    intelligence, became instrumental in the United
    States decision to enter into the fray of WWI.

10
The U.S Enters WWI
  • Why?
  • The sinking of the Lusitania
  • Zimmerman Note
  • To protect democracy
  • What kind of government did the central powers
    have?

11
The U.S. Mobilizes for War
  • The United States moved the following areas
    towards the war effort. The following areas
    describe how the U.S. mobilized our efforts at
    home to support the war

12
Conscientious Objectors
  • What is a conscientious objector?
  • A conscientious objector is an individual
    following the religious, moral or ethical
    dictates of his or her conscience that are
    incompatible with being a combatant in military
    service, or being part of the armed forces as a
    combatant organization
  • What happens in times of war?

13
Conscientious Objectors in World War I
John T. Neufeld was a WWI conscientious objector
sentenced to 15 years hard labor in the military
prison at Leavenworth. He was paroled to do dairy
work and released after serving five months of
his sentence.
  • We were cursed, beaten, kicked, and compelled to
    go through exercises to the extent that a few
    were unconscious for some minutes. They kept it
    up for the greater part of the afternoon, and
    then those who could possibly stand on their feet
    were compelled to take cold shower baths. One of
    the boys was scrubbed with a scrubbing brush
    using lye on him. They drew blood in several
    places.
  • - Mennonite from Camp Lee, Virginia, United
    States
  • 16 July 1918

14
  • Conscientious Objectors vs. Absolute
    Conscientious Objectors
  • Imprisoned in military facilities such as Fort
    Lewis (Washington), Alcatraz Island (California)
    and Fort Leavenworth (Kansas).
  • The government failed to take into account that
    some conscientious objectors viewed any
    cooperation with the military as contributing to
    the war effort.
  • The mistreatment received by these absolute COs
    included short rations, solitary confinement and
    physical abuse so severe as to cause the deaths
    of two Hutterite draftees

15
Raising an Army to Prepare for War
  • Congress passes the Selective Service Act
  • Also known as the Draft
  • Drafted all men between the ages of 21 and 30
  • Used Propaganda
  • What is propaganda?
  • Propaganda is a kind of biased communication
    designed to influence peoples thoughts and
    actions
  • What are some examples of propaganda?

16
Wartime Industry
  • Industries changed from making consumer goods to
    making military weapons and supplies
  • Congress created the War Industries Board to
    oversee the production and distribution of goods
    manufactured by the nations wartime industries
  • Government issued military contracts to
    industries
  • WIB helped to boost industrial production by 20

17
  • Other federal agencies regulated the economy
  • The Fuel Administration watched over the use of
    coal, gasoline and heating oil
  • The Food Administration was established to help
    produce and conserve food supplies
  • Encouraged Victory gardens, Meatless Mondays,
    Wheatless Wednesdays
  • Americans were able to send more food to the
    Allies

18
  • The War Economy How did the government raise
    money to pay for the war?
  • Congress raised taxes and authorized the sale of
    war bonds
  • Bonds became known as Liberty Bonds
  • Raised more than 20 million dollars

19
Workers and Wages During the War
  • Wilson created the National War Labor Board to
    settle labor disputes- NWLB
  • NWLB supported
  • Collective bargaining
  • Outlined minimum wages and maximum hours
  • Equal pay for women

20
  • Unions went on strike for better wages and
    working conditions
  • Owners had to give in to their demands because
    they were faced with having to meet the military
    quota
  • What is a quota?
  • Wages increased
  • Set an 8 hour workday
  • Laborers were in short supply
  • Why?
  • Turned to non-traditional workers
  • African Americans
  • Women

21
Gaining Support and Promoting the War
  • What is isolationism?
  • How do you gain the support of the people?
  • The U.S. Government created the Committee on
    Public Information
  • Nations First Propaganda Agency
  • Artists, Advertisers, Posters, Cartoons, Parades,
    4 Minute Men gave speeches anywhere, anytime to
    promote the war
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