Literary Elements

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Literary Elements
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F.O.A. (Bellwork)

• Define expository
• Define analogies
• Define allusions
• Define analysis
• Define concrete
• Define relevant

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Flashback

• Interruption in the present action of a
• plot to show events that happened at an earlier
  time.
• Usually gives background information.
• ExampleI looked at the long dirt road that
  crawled across the plains, remembering the
  morning that Mama died, cruel and sunny. They had
  come for her in a wagon and taken her away.

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Foreshadowing

• The use of clues or hints to suggest events that
  will occur later in the plot.
• Used to build suspense
• Example For example, a gun found under a
  mattress in chapter two of a novel may foreshadow
  violence later in the story. Because the gun's
  presence is established, the violence later in
  the story is more believable.

5
irony

• A contrast between expectation and reality.
• Can create humor or strong emotion
• There are three types of irony

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Verbal irony

• Contrast between what is said (or written) and
  what is really meant.
• i.e. Calling a baseball player who just struck
  out a slugger

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Situational irony

• What happens is very different than what you
  expect to happen.
• i.e. Someone strikes out who is the best player
  on the team and everyone depends on.

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Dramatic irony

• When the audience or reader knows something that
  the characters do not know.
• i.e. in a scary movie when you know what is about
  to happen and you are yelling at the character.

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F.O.A. (Bellwork)

• Give me an example of foreshadowing
• Give me an example of a flashback
• Name the three types of irony and give me an
  example of each.

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symbolism

• A person, place, thing, or event that has a
  meaning in itself and stands for something beyond
  itself as well.
• The bald eagle for example is a symbol of the
  United states.

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What is the picture on the cover of this magazine
symbolic of? How is your to answer an example of
irony?
Think Outside the box!!!
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mood

• The overall feeling or atmosphere of the story
• i.e. scary, happy, sad, eerie
• In the circuit the hot sun beating down on the
  workers helps create the mood of oppression.

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Mood

• lethargic
• lonely
• merciless
• moody
• morose
• nauseated
• nervous
• nightmarish
• numb
• overwhelmed

• amused
• awed
• bouncy
• calm
• cheerful
• chipper
• confident
• contemplative
• content

14
tone

• The attitude the writer takes toward the subject,
  characters, and audience.
• i.e. humorous, sincere, passionate
• Example the following is written with a humorous
  tone
• A campesino looked at the air And told me With
  hurricanes it's not the wind or the noise or the
  water. I'll tell you he said it's the mangoes,
  avocados Green plantains and bananas flying into
  town like projectiles.
• How would your family feel if they had to tell
  The generations that you got killed by a flying
  Banana.

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Tone

• reverent
• romantic
• sanguine
• scholarly
• self-assured sentimental
• serene
• silly

• apprehensive
• belligerent
• bewildered
• biting
• bitter
• blunt
• bossy
• cold

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What makes a story scary?

• Name a book or movie thats scary
• Why is that book or movie scary?

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The Tell-Tale Heart

• Turn to page 82.
• Well read from pages 82-87.

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Assignment

• Why do you think the narrator kept hearing the
  beating heart? Give me a one-paragraph answer. A
  paragraph is 5-7 sentences.

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• Cindy stared out the broken window at the dark,
  gloomy clouds as her finger
• traced the single raindrop making its way down
  the glass thinking about the
• argument she had with her boyfriend Mike which
  caused them to break-up.
• What examples of symbolism can you identify in
  the passage above?
• What are different meanings for the ideas
  identified?
• Why did the consideration of the different
  meanings help you understand the writing?
• What is the advantage of using symbols over just
  using the literal terms?

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• Paul Laurence Dunbar - We Wear the Mask
• We wear the mask that grins and lies,
• It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,--
• This debt we pay to human guile
• With torn and bleeding hearts we smile,
• And mouth with myriad subtleties.
• Why should the world be overwise,
• In counting all our tears and sighs?
• Nay, let them only see us, while
• We wear the mask.
• We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries
• To thee from tortured souls arise.
• We sing, but oh the clay is vile
• Beneath our feet, and long the mile
• But let the world dream otherwise,
• We wear the mask!