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Literary Elements

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Title: Literary Elements


1
Literary Elements
  • What parts make up a story?
  • http//members.tripod.com/dscorpio/images/literary
    _elements.ppt

2
Story are made up of 4 parts
  • Setting
  • Characters
  • Plot
  • Climax
  • Resolution
  • Theme

3
SETTING
  • WHEN? WHERE?
  • MOOD? TONE?

4
Setting
Time and place where the action occurs
  • Clues that tell you SETTING
  • Furniture
  • Scenery
  • Customs
  • Transportation
  • Clothing
  • Dialects
  • Weather
  • Time of day
  • Time of year

5
Elements of a Setting
6
The Functions of a Setting
  • To create a mood or atmosphere
  • To show a reader a different way of life
  • To make action seem more real
  • To be the source of conflict or struggle
  • To symbolize an idea

Thomas Kincaid painting- If a narrative begins in
this painting, what mood and tone is it setting?
Where does it take place? When? How does this
warm, fuzzy setting affect the story?
7
CHARACTERS
  • WHO IS IT?
  • WHY IS HE THAT WAY?
  • HOW DOES HE AFFECT THE STORY?

8
Types of Characters
  • Protagonist-main character
  • Antagonist-against the main character
  • Secondary characters
  • Static characters-dont change, have no depth
  • Dynamic characters-interesting, change throughout
    book

9
Characterization
  • A writer reveals what a character is like and how
    the character changes throughout the story.
  • Two primary methods of characterization
  • Direct- writer tells what the character is like
  • Indirect- writer shows what a character is like
    through actions, speech, or thoughts of other
    characters.

10
Direct Characterization
And I dont play the dozens or believe in
standing around with somebody in my face doing a
lot of talking. I much rather just knock you down
and take my chances even if Im a little girl
with skinny arms and a squeaky voice, which is
how I got the name Squeaky. From Raymonds
Run by T. Bambara
11
Indirect Characterization
I will do that, Ramona, said the lawyer. But
be careful. He is a devious, danger man. -pp.
33 Esperanza Rising by Pam Muñoz Ryan
12
Elements of Character
13
Factors in Analyzing Characters
  • Physical appearance of character
  • Personality
  • Background/personal history
  • Motivation
  • Relationships
  • Conflict
  • Does character change?

14
PLOT
  • WHAT IS HAPPENING?
  • WHY?
  • WHY DOES IT MATTER?

15
Plot
  • Plot is what happens and how it happens in a
    narrative. A narrative is any work that tells a
    story, such as a short story, a novel, a drama,
    or a narrative poem.

16
Parts of a Plot
  • Exposition-introduction to story where setting,
    main characters, conflict, mood, and tone are
    introduced.
  • Rising Action- events that occur as result of
    central conflict.
  • Climax- point where protagonist makes a profound
    change.
  • Falling Action- where loose ends are tied up,
    especially in side-stories.
  • Resolution- when conflict ends.

17
Diagram of Plot
Climax
Falling Action
Rising Action
Resolution/Denouement
Exposition
18
Special Techniques of Plot
  • Suspense- excitement or tension.
  • Foreshadowing- hint or clue about what will
    happen in story.
  • Flashback- interrupts the normal sequence of
    events to tell about something that happened in
    the past.
  • Surprise Ending- conclusion that reader does not
    expect.
  • Cliffhanger- when a narrative lacks a satisfying
    resolution.

19
Conflict
  • Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces
  • Every plot must contain some kind of conflict
  • Stories can have more than one conflict
  • 4 main types of conflict
  • Man vs. man- protagonist struggles against
    another character in the narrative
  • Man vs. self- protagonist has internal struggle
    against some problem within himself
  • Man vs. nature- protagonist struggles against an
    element of nature (like a blizzard or an animal)
  • Man vs. society- protagonist against a social
    injustice, like racism or an unfair government

20
THEME
  • WHAT CAN THE READER LEARN FROM THIS NARRATIVE?

21
Theme
  • A central message, concern, or insight into life
    expressed through a literary work
  • Can be expressed by one or two sentence statement
    about human beings or about life
  • Interpretation uncovers the theme-it is usually
    not directly stated by the author

22
Example of Theme
Every man needs to feel allegiance to his native
country, whether he always appreciates that
country or not. From A Man Without a Country
by Edward Hale pg. 185 in Prentice Hall
Literature book
23
Example of what ISNT a theme
  • Love
  • Love is not a lesson you learn from a narrative.
    It is an idea, not a theme.
  • In order to truly love someone else, you must
    first love yourself.
  • This is a lesson you can learn about love from a
    narrative, therefore this is a THEME.
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