LITERARY ELEMENTS

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LITERARY ELEMENTS

• ENGLISH 12

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PLOT

• Describes the structure of the story. It shows
  the arrangement of events and actions within a
  story.

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EXPOSITION

• The start of the story, the situation before the
  action occurs.

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RISING ACTION

• The series of conflict and crisis in the story
  that lead to the climax.

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CLIMAX

• The turning point, the most intense moment.

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FALLING ACTION

• All of the action which follows the climax.

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RESOLUTION

• The conclusion, the tying up of all loose ends.

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CONFLICT

• The dramatic struggle between two forces in a
  story. Without conflict, there is no plot!

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TYPES OF CONFLICT

• Internal-Within ones self
• External-Outside of ones self

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SUBTYPES OF CONFLICT

• Character vs. Character (External)
• Character vs. Nature (External)
• Character vs. Society (External)
• Character vs. Self (Internal)

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SETTING

• The time and place in which the story takes place.

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POINT OF VIEW

• The point of view from which the story is told.
• Types
• Omniscient
• Limited Omniscient
• First Person

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THEME

• The central idea of the story.

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SYMBOLISM

• A symbol represents an idea, quality, or concept
  larger than itself.

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CHARACTERIZATION

• The method used by a writer to develop a
  character.
• Types of characterization
• Direct
• Indirect

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CHARACTER

• Protagonist
• Antagonist

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FORESHADOWING

• Early clues about what will happen in a later
  piece of fiction.

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IRONY

• A difference between what is expected and reality.

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FLASHBACK

• Starts in present day and goes back to the past.

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TONE

• The authors attitude toward a subject.

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MOOD

• The climate of feeling in the story.

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SIMILE

• Comparison using like or as.

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METAPHOR

• Comparison is not announced with like or as.

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ALLITERATION

• Repeating consonant sounds.

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PERSONIFICATION

• Giving the qualities of a person to an object,
  animal, or idea.

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ONOMATOPOEIA

• Words that mimic sounds.

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HYPERBOLE

• An exaggerated statement to heighten effect.