Consultation Workshop

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PCD Impact Assessment on Food Security in Tanzania

• Consultation Workshop
• Module 2

• Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF)
• European Centre for Development Policy
  Management ECDPM,
• 17 September 2014
• Dar Es Salaam

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On the menu today

• I. Introducing the PCD IA pilot in Tanzania
  rationale and history, scope and objectives
• -Coffee break-
• II. Module 2 the Tanzania Food Security Profile
• Rationale
• State of food and nutrition security
• Food security System
• The agro-food sector characteristics and
  challenges
• The agricultural trade profile
• The policy framework
• III. Outstanding issues and identifying relevant
  OECD policies

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I. Introducing the PCD Impact Assessment on food
security in Tanzania
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Policy coherence for development (PCD)

• The Rationale
• Domestic policies of OECD member countries (e.g.
  agriculture, trade, investment, science,
  migration) can have a spill-over impact on
  developing countries,
• that impact is not necessarily coherent with
  the objectives formulated under the policy for
  development cooperation of that OECD country

PCD is a conceptual tool aimed at addressing such
incoherencies to the benefit of development
objectives, e.g. food security
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For example
Source OECD, 2014.
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Prevalent definitions PCD
EU The EU seeks to minimise contradictions and
to build synergies between policies other than
development cooperation that have an impact on
developing countries, for the benefit of overseas
development
OECD The pursuit of development objectives
through the systematic promotion of mutually
reinforcing policy actions on the part of both
OECD and development countries.

• Two-fold implication do no harm and beyond
• Make sure all policies are development-friendly
• Ensure the proactive promotion of development
  objectives in other policies exploit synergies

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Prevalent definitions PCD ?

• Diverging interpretations and use of the concept
  of PCD.
• PCD IS NOT (only)
• Coordination with other policies
• Harmonization with other donors
• Adjustment of development policy to other
  policies (it is PC for Development)

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Measuring PCD one of the key PCD building
blocks
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Context

• OECD, EU and Member States have strong
  commitments to enforce PCD, frontrunners include
  NL, SE, FIN, DK
• 2008 OECD Ministerial declaration confirmed
  commitment to promote PCD, incl. measuring the
  effects of OECD members policies on
  international development objectives.
• EU 2012 Council Conclusions on PCD ask for
• a more evidence-based approach, to further
  improve monitoring, implementation and follow-up.
  Relevant baselines, indicators and targets should
  also be developed including for measuring the
  impact of PCD in a way which demonstrates clear
  development results.

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Different ways to monitor PCD

• Ex-ante check lists and impact assessments of
  OECD member countries policy proposals
• Ex-post assessments of OECD policy impact at
  country-level

This is where this research project comes in
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The project how did we get here?

• 2012 OECD asked ECDPM to develop
• a methodology for country-level impact
  assessments of PCD on food security
• July 2013 presentation of a draft toward a
  methodology
• Now two pilot projects to apply, test and
  fine-tune this methodology in
• Tanzania (FIN OECD)
• Burkina Fasso (SWISS OECD)

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Objectives

• General objective to develop a methodology for
  identifying and assessing the impacts (/-) of
  OECD policies on food security in individual
  developing countries
• Specific objectives
• Help OECD DAC members in pursuing their PCD
  policy objectives through providing evidence for
  policy change domestically and for programme
  design at country level(e.g. more information to
  address trade-offs between internal goals
  negative externalities on developing countries)
• Enable partner countries and civil society to
  advocate for improved PCD and to address the
  impacts of incoherencies.

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The Methodology how does it look like?

• 5 key principles
• i) stakeholder involvement ii) deductive
  reasoning iii) disaggregation of impact iv)
  mixed methods.
• For a variety of audiences and users public good
• Meant to be done relatively quickly and with
  limited resources.
• Modular and flexible. No straightjacket that
  researchers have to follow to the letter.
• Designed to pick up on the effects of public
  policies.
• While acknowledging the effects of other external
  factors beyond the scope of this study (e.g.
  Climate Change)

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A modular, step-by-step approach
1. Getting started considerations and decisions
before launching the exercise
2. The country food security profile the FS
system, determinants and FS situation
3. Establish a route of impact causal linkages
with OECD policies
4. In-country contextualisation and verification
of causal linkages gt response strategies
5. Communication strategy and follow up
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Module 1 Getting started

• Very straightforward key factors to consider
  before starting the assessment
• What country/ group of countries?
• Country buy in/ local partners.
• Team composition.

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Module 2 Country food security profile
Output indicators
OECD Policies
Other factors (e.g. other policies, Climate
change,)
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Module 3 Verifying causal linkages

• The idea is to take the potentially relevant OECD
  policies, identified in module 2, and to draw
  linkages on paper of how the impact would be
  transmitted.
• Main aim of the module is to make the IA solid
  from a theoretical point of view
• Relatively straightforward for some effects (e.g.
  tariffs), very complicated for others (e.g.
  agricultural subsidies and price transmission).

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Module 4 In-country research

• Verify theory through field research
• Three aims
• Contextualize and further explore the theoretical
  causal chains developed in module 3
• Formulate conclusions.
• Define response strategy options.
• - for OECD country policies.
• - for adaptation/advocacy strategies by local
  partners.

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Module 5 communication

• Messages will differ depending on the targeted
  audience (NGOs, in country embassies, partner
  govnts, etc).
• Communication Plan should formulate
• -What information is relevant to which
  stakeholder audience
• How to best approach which audience, through
  which communication channels

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So, where does this workshop come in?

• Stakeholder involvement is one of the 5
  overarching principles of the methodology
• Not an (exclusively) desk-based project
• Should be a process as much as a study.
• Inclusive, consultative process per module to
  enhance chances of follow-up.
• Today
• We present the methodology,
• discuss initial findings of Module 2
• and pick your brains on what could be the
  potentially relevant OECD policy externalities
  for analysis in Module 3.