The Second Industrial Revolution (Started by steel and oil)

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The Second Industrial Revolution(Started by
steel and oil)

• CHAPTER 6
• (dismiss 1-5?)

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The Age of Invention

• From 1865 to 1905 the US had a surge of
  industrial growth which became known as the
  Second Industrial Revolution
• What is the importance of the date 1865?
• This new era began with numerous discoveries and
  inventions that spurred growth in manufacturing,
  transportation, and Americans everyday life
• As Coal spurred the initial industrial
  revolution, Steel made the second industrial
  revolution possible
• Steel was used in the construction of heavy
  machinery that mass produced goods

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More

• Originally converting iron ore into steel was too
  expensive to be used until Henry Bessemer
• Bessemer Process- burned all the impurities in
  molten iron with hot air
• The method produced more steel in one day than
  the old method did in one week
• Alexander Holley improved the process and steel
  production skyrocketed in U.S.
• This production of steel used iron ore in the
  Midwest brought through the great lakes into
  towns like Cleveland and Pittsburg
• These towns became major centers for steel
  manufacturing

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Steel was used for

• Railroad tracks
• Bridges
• Building frames
• Machinery
• ( the more steel was produced the cheaper it was
  to buy)

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This led to

• Stronger longer lasting rails
• Stronger bridges
• Taller multi-story buildings
• More Jobs
• people moving into cities

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OIL

• Advancements in oil refinement also affected the
  Industrial Revolution
• Originally oil was processed for Kerosene for
  lamps to light a house
• A demand was growing for the oil so Edwin Drake
  drills for oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania
• Drakes Folly
• Drake strikes oil leading to oil boom
• Drakes success led others to drill for oil in
  other parts of the country

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Black Gold

• In Texas there was success
• Anthony F Lucas strikes oil At Spindletop
  in Beaumont TX
• This started the TX oil boom
• 1902 20 of oil was produced at spindletop alone
• By 1904 this production rate had dropped off but
  there was still 10,000 barrels daily

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Elijah McCoy

• The son of runaway slaves
• Invented a lubricating cup that fed oil to parts
  of machine while it was running
• He received a Patent for his invention
• PATENT A guarantee to protect an inventors
  rights to make, use or sell his invention.
• This helped many kinds of machines operate
  smoothly and quickly

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Transportation

• Railroads- linked isolated areas to the rest of
  the country
• Steel was so affordable it led to the railroads
  laying more tracks
• Prior to the Civil war railroads in the U.S.
  averaged 100 miles in length
• The first transcontinental railroad was completed
  in1869
• Completed by Central Pacific and Union Pacific
  Railroad companies

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George Westinghouse

• Developed the Compressed airbrake
• This increased Railroad safety enabling the
  locomotive and all cars to stop at the same time
• He also developed a communications system that
  allowed trains and stations to talk to each other
• Changes in track design also helped the rail
  service
• Standard gauge (width of the rails) allowed
  people to stay on one railway line rather than
  transfer trains constantly while traveling

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Effects of better transportation

• First railroads provided many of the countrys
  jobs
• Building locomotives and rail cars spurred on the
  steel industry
• Better faster transportation out west increased
  western settlement
• Towns sprang up around railroad stations
• Companies could now sell products nationally

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The Car

• Also known as the Horseless Carriage
• Innovations in Oil led to motors and the car
• Combustion engine powered by gas was invented in
  1876
• J Frank Duryea built the first practical motor
  car in the U.S.
• Use of car was limited due to high cost

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Airplanes
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Flight

• The internal combustion engine also led to
  advancements in flight
• Orville and Wilbur Wright developed one of the
  first working airplanes
• Dec. 17, 1903 near Kitty Hawk North Carolina,
  Orville made the first piloted flight
• It lasted 12 seconds and went 120 feet, in a
  powered plane

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Telegraph and Telephone

• Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse 1837
• Telegraph grew with the railroad and offices were
  located in train stations and strung wires along
  the railroad lines
• Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 patented the
  telephone
• Created jobs for women needed as operators
• Bell Telephone became one of the longest lasting
  monopolies

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Wizard of Menlo Park

• Thomas Edison was home schooled
• He went into the invention business by opening
  a lab at Menlo Park and doing research
• He promised a minor invention every 10 days and a
  major invention every 6 months
• He held more than 1,000 patents at his death

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Edison inventions

• Phonograph
• Electric vote recorder
• Light bulb
• Improved telephone
• Improved telegraph

• Early motion pictures
• Electric lamps
• Typewriter
• Electric printer
• Electric motor

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The War

• Edison Vs Tesla

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The Electric chair

• AC vs. DC
• Alternating current
• Direct current

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Review Questions

• What process burned all the impurities in molten
  iron with hot air?
• Where did Drakes Folly happen?
• What is a guarantee to protect an inventors
  rights to make, use or sell his invention?
• Prior to the Civil war how long were the average
  railroads?

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The End
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Board Work

• Graphic Organizer p 193
• Describe the effect of the innovation of the
  airplane on Daily life from the perspective of
  someone from the early 1900s. Include the ideas
  of the past the present and dream of the future
• Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter and you
  are covering Edison's lab, write an article over
  what you see coming out of the lab