Function of Respiration

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Function of Respiration

• SBI3U

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• PRIMARY function BREATHING (for gas exchange)
• uptake oxygen needed by the cells
• release carbon dioxide produced by the cells
  (remove waste, pH balance of blood)
• Also used to produce SOUND

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Why do we need to breath oxygen? Think of your
previous digestive unit!
cellular respiration glucose oxygen carbon
dioxide and water
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HUMAN ADAPTATIONS

• For efficient gas exchange to occur
• Water must be present at the respiratory surface.
• Adaptation
• Human lung located within the body cavity which
  contains a lot of water and air is moistened when
  it enters lungs.
• (Compare this to worm, fish, frog, insect)

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Types of respiration in animals
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Types of respiration in animals

• Outer skin
• Earthworm
• Gills
• Fish
• Treacheal System
• Insects
• Lungs
• Land animals

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vHV60yTvy3Mk
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vXEIRlw5rCUk

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Why is this scenario physiologically impossible?
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HUMAN ADAPTATIONS

• The respiratory surface must be large
• Adaptation
• Spread out on a flat surface the gas-exchange
  surface is how big?
• Half of a basketball court
• Half of a tennis court
• Ping pong table

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The Human Respiratory System
Nasal cavity Path taken by air Path taken by food
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The Human Respiratory System
Part Function Special Features
Nasal passages Point of entry Filter, warm, moisten air Mucus, hairs, many capillaries, sinus cavities, turbinates
Oral Cavity Warm and moisten air Alternate space for gas exchange, no filtration
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The Human Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity Path taken by air Path taken by
food Pharynx Epiglottis Esophagus
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The Human Respiratory System
Part Function Special Features
Pharynx connects nasal and oral cavity to larynx Cilia in top portion move food towards mouth to be swallowed
Epiglottis A flap that prevents food from entering the lungs by blocking the glottis (opening of trachea) Small, flexible
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The Human Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity Path taken by air Path taken by
food Pharynx Epiglottis Esophagus Trachea
Upper Respiratory Tract
Larynx
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The Human Respiratory System
Part Function Special Features
Larynx Contains the vocal cords for sound, voice box Adams Apple two flaps of cartilage, vibrate when air passes through
Trachea Passage of air into 2 bronchi, windpipe filter particles up to mouth 12cm long -Semicircular cartilage rings to prevent collapse -Cilia and mucus
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The Human Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity Path taken by air Path taken by
food Pharynx Epiglottis Esophagus Trachea Bronchi
Bronchioles
Upper Respiratory Tract
Larynx
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The Human Respiratory System
Part Function Special Features
Bronchus Each carries air into lungs and splits into many bronchioles Full cartilage rings for support
Bronchiole Many branches carry air to alveoli Able to change diameter to regulate air flow Many branched tubes, Smallest passageways, to increase surface area Smooth muscle walls NO cartilage rings
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The Human Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity Path taken by air Path taken by
food Pharynx Epiglottis Esophagus Trachea Bronchi
Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm
Upper Respiratory Tract
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
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The Human Respiratory System
Part Function Special Features
Alveoli (singular alveolus) Site of external respiration (gas exchange) 150 million very thin tiny sacs (large surface area) Single cell layer thick, surrounded by capillaries Coated with surfactant (a lipoprotein) to prevent sticking
Diaphragm Increases and decreases volume of chest cavity Dome shaped, thin, muscular
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The Human Respiratory System
Part Function Special Features
Pleural Membrane Surrounds lungs and lines chest cavity, reduces friction Filled with fluid that reduces friction during inhalation