Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering
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Genetic Engineering

• The process of manipulating genes for practical
  purposes.

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Four steps to Genetic Engineering Experiment

• Cleave (cut) DNA (gene of interest)
• Make recombinant DNA
• Clone the cells
• Screen the cells (southern blot test)

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vocabulary

• Restriction enzyme
• Vector
• Plamids
• Recombinant DNA

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Southern Blot Test

• Confirms if a cloned gene is present (screening
  step of GE exp.)
• Gel electrophoresis -

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Genetic Engineering in Medicine and Society

• List several medicines that have been genetically
  engineered.
• Insulin, Factor VIII (hemophilia)
• Vaccine preparation of a weakended or killed
  pathogens used to produce immunity to a disease.

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Genetic Engineering in Animals

• 30 of milk in US is from cows that have been
  injected with hormones make by recombinant DNA
  techniques to increase milk production.
• Pigs genetically engineered to produce leaner
  meat.
• Transgenic salmon that grows faster.

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Genetic Engineering in Agriculture

• List 3 ways in which genetic engineering has been
  used to improve plants.
• Bt toxin, when ingested by insects, kills them.
• Resistance to herbicides, gene destroys weeds
• Resistance to viruses (tobacco mosaic virus)

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Gene Therapy

• What is gene therapy? Changing a gene to treat a
  medical disease or disorder. A faulty or absent
  gene is replaced by a normal, working gene.
• List several diseases being treated with Gene
  therapy
• Cystic fibrosis, SCID (severe combined immune
  disorder)

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DNA fingerprint

• Define tool used by biologists that analyzes an
  individuals unique collection of DNA restriction
  fragments.
• How can this be used? Forensics, to determine
  whether 2 samples of genetic material fre form
  the same person.

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Cloning genetically identical cells produced
from a single cell.

• Explain how clone a sheep from mammary glands.
  Egg cell is taken from an adult female sheep,
  nucleus is removed. Donor cell is taken from
  sheep udder. The two cells are fused using
  electric shock, cell begins dividing, embryo is
  placed in uterus of foster mother, embryo
  develops into lamb.
• What is a transgenic animal? Containing genes
  from another species