Biotechnology Genetic Engineering

1
BiotechnologyGenetic Engineering

• Objectives
• Diagram the process of inserting a gene from one
  organism into another transformation
• Define genetic engineering
• Diagram and explain the process of DNA
  fingerprinting

2
Genetic Engineering

• Fast and reliable way for
• Involves cutting or cleaving DNA from an organism
  and inserting it into another

3
Recombinant DNA Technology

• DNA made by connecting fragments of other DNA
  from different sources
• Inserted into a host and the host will use it as
  its own

4
How it works

• Isolate DNA that contains the gene you want
  (glowing gene from jellyfish).
• Use enzymes
• Attach the DNA segment to a carrier or vector
• Usually bacterias plasmid (DNA)
• Transfer into a host organism

5
Recombinant Process
6
Transgenic Organisms

• Organisms that contain working DNA from another
  organism.
• Below are natural glowing jellyfish, caused by a
  specific gene

7
Jellyfish gene transferred to Mice and fish
8
(No Transcript)
9
Whiteboard Check

1. A piece of DNA that has codes from two different
   organisms is called what?
2. What is an organism which has DNA from 2
   different organisms in it called?
3. Why is it important to cut the DNA and Plasmid
   with the same enzymes?

10
Types of genetic technology

• Agricultural

• Environmental

• Industrial

• Pharmaceutical

11
Chimeras
A sheep-goat chimera produced by injecting a goat
inner cell mass into a sheep blastocyst. The
chimera was carried to term in a sheep recipient
female
12
Growth Hormones
13
corn
14
Clone diagram-sheep

• Egg membrane from donor sheep (black face)
• Insert DNA (from utter cell) from true mother
  (white face) into egg
• Plant egg in donor ewes uterus
• Baby born has White face mothers DNA

15
Cloning fluffy
16
Ear Mouse
17
(No Transcript)
18
DNA FingerprintingWhat is it?

• Looking at a piece of DNA and noting differences
  for each individual
• Used in forensics to identify bodies, suspects
  and other samples

19
How is it done?

• Take a sample of DNA
• Cut it at specific spots with enzyme
• These spots are different for each person
• You have spots that match each of your parents
• ½ from mom and ½ from dad, and some of your own
  too
• Dye DNA so that you can see it well

20
Set up an electrophoresis gel

1. Place samples into a well of the gel
2. Run an electric current through the gel
3. The DNA piece will be pulled along
4. Shorter pieces are lighter so they will go
   further, longer pieces are heavier so they lag
   behind
5. Looks like this when you are done

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Whiteboard Check

• What can DNA fingerprinting be used for?
• Which pieces travel the furthest in a gel
  electrophoresis, smaller or bigger?
• Where does your DNA come from?