History of Abnormal Psychology

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History of Abnormal Psychology
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Learning Objectives

• Historical conceptions of defining,
  understanding, and treating psychopathology
• Fluid nature of psychopathology
• Specific details regarding conceptualizations
• Philosophical underpinnings of current diagnostic
  streams

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Hippocrates

• 1. Black Bile ---- Depression
• 2. Yellow Bile ---- Tension/Anxiety
• 3. Phlegm ---- Dull, Sluggishness
• 4. Blood ---- Mania/Mood Swings

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Paracelcus
Man is a microcosm, or a little world, because he
is an extract from all the stars and planets of
the whole firmament, from the earth and the
elements and so he is their quintessence. Paracel
sus
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Paracelcus

• One category of loss of senses
• lunatics who through their own devices had fallen
  under the influence of the moon (lunacy), those
  who were insane from birth, due to careless and
  passionate sexual intercourse by the parents
  witchcraft and melancholy. Paracelsus also made
  it quite clear that spirits did not cause mental
  illness (Green, 2009).

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Paracelcus

• Therapies that he recommended included bleeding
  (which he considered to be the main thrust of
  treatment for mania), essences of gold, silver,
  iron, mercury, lead, pearls, coral, antimony,
  sapphire and sulphur (all alchemical remedies),
  opium, mandrake, astrological shielding to
  prevent lunacy, and the use of charms to treat
  those afflicted by witchcraft

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Dr. Cameron

• Discussed in text
• McUltra

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Pathways to Conceptualizations

• Kraeplin

• Freud

• Biological, disease processes, causes like
  viruses
• DSM 1-5 and beyond
• Current focus on symptom as entity
• Lots of concern with reliability

• Psychological, underlying dynamics of person,
  personality, and environment
• Psychoanalytic concepts
• Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual

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Alberta Insane Asylum, Ponoka 1911
British Columbia Public Hospital for the Insane, New Westminster 1878
British Columbia Mental Hospital, Coquitlam 1913
Manitoba Selkirk Asylum, Selkirk 1886
Home for Incurables, Portage-la-Prairie 1890
Brandon Asylum, Brandon 1891
New Brunswick Provincial Hospital, Saint John 1835
Provincial Lunatic Asylum 1848
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Hospital for Insane, Halifax 1857
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Ontario Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto 1850
Kingston Asylum (Rockwood), Kingston 1856
London Asylum, London 1859
Orillia Asylum for Idiots, Orillia 1861
Hamilton Asylum, Hamilton 1876
Mimico Branch Asylum, Mimico 1890
Hospital for Insane, Brockville 1894
Cobourg Asylum 1902
Penetanguishene Asylum, Penetanguishene 1904
Whitby Hospital, Whitby 1914
Prince Edward Island The Prince Edward Island Hospital for the Insane 1877
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Quebec Quebec Lunatic Asylum, Beauport 1845
Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. Johns 1861
LHospice St. Jean de Dieu, Longue Point 1856
LHospice St. Julien, St. Ferdinand dHalifax 1873
LHospice Ste. Anne, Baie-St. Paul 1890
Protestant Hospital for the Insane, Verdun 1890
St. Benedict Joseph Asylum, near city of Montreal 1885
Saskatchewan The Saskatchewan Provincial Hospital, Battleford 1914
Newfoundland Asylum for the Insane, St. Johns 1855
Northwest Territory Taken to asylums of Alberta and Saskatchewan 1914
Yukon Taken to New Westminster by Royal Northwest Mounted Police 1877
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Biomedical Therapies

• ECT (started with Meduna)
• Psychosurgery (started with Munoz now called
  NMD Neurosurgery for Mental Disorder)
• Pre-frontal lobotomy
• Transorbital leucotomy
• Cingulotomy

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Neurosurgery for Mental Disorders (NMD)

• Refractory for other treatment
• Informed consent
• Not common
• Only a few centres do NMD
• Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation
• Gamma Knife

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• Symptom as Focus (Kraeplin)
• Underlying Cause as Focus (Freud)