The History of Psychology

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The History of Psychology
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It all began here
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Socrates

• Introspection Can learn selves by examining
  thoughts/feelings
• Know thyself
• Dualism- Mind and body are ___
• Innate knowledge

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Aristotle

• Associationism Learned connection btwn. 2
  events/ideas
• - Experiences remind us of similar exp.
• Wrote Peri Psyches About the Mind Human
  behavior is subject to natural laws (seek
  pleasure/avoid pain)

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Hippocrates

• Thought madness was caused by abnormalities in
  the brain NOT b/c of punishment from the Gods

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Middle Ages

• Mental problems are caused by possession by demons

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Modern Science

• Scientific Revolution?
• Re-emergence of Psych.
• Psychologists thought ideas about human
  behavior/mental processes should be supported by
  evidence

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Wilhelm Wundt

• Structuralism Examines basic elements of
  consciousness in 2 categories
• Objective Sensations Sight, taste
• Subjective Sensations Mental images, responses

• Mind works by combining basic elements of exp.

• 1879 Created first psych lab

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William James

• Experience is a continuous stream of
  consciousness
• Focused on relationship btwn. experience and
  behavior
• 1st Psych text-Principles of Psychology

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Functionalism

• How do mental processes help organisms adapt to
  their environment?
• What is the purpose
• Adaptive behaviors continue b/c they work
• If works Habit

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John B. Watson

• Unscientific to study conscious.
• Must study _____
• Behaviorism Study of ______
• _________

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B.F. Skinner

• Introduced reinforcement When rewarded, will
  repeat action
• Complex actions can be taught w/ it

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Gestalt School

• Perception is affected by context
• Gestalt Shape/Form
• Perceptions are more than the sums of parts
  (whole picture)
• Thought learning is active and purposeful
• Insight Reorganization of perceptions that
  enables an individual to solve a problem
• Disagreed with?

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Examples

• Page 17

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Sigmund Freud
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Psychoanalysis

• Emphasizes the importance of unconscious
  urges/internal conflicts in determining behavior
• Slips of tongue, Dreams
• Consultations
• Unconscious impulses more important than
  conscious experiences in governing
  behavior/feelings

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Psychodynamic Thinking

• Freuds Theory
• Most of mind Unconscious Consists of
  conflicting urges/wishes
• Human behavior is aimed at satisfying urges, even
  if unacceptable
• Tried to help people see unconscious urges

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Review

• QUESTIONS
• What is dualism?
• How were behaviors explained in M.A.?
• Freud thought most of the mind is _____.
• Who created the first psychology lab?
• What was Hippocrates theory?
• How did the Scientific Revolution change
  psychology?

• PEOPLE
• Structuralism-
• Know Thyself-
• Peri Psyches-
• Unconscious urges-
• Form-
• Behaviorism-
• Reinforcement-
• Functionalism-