History of the Periodic Table

1
History of the Periodic Table

1. _______________ arranged the elements of the
   periodic table in order of increasing atomic
   number.
2. _______________ arranged the elements of the
   periodic table in order of increasing atomic
   mass.
3. The periodic law says the chemical and physical
   properties of elements are repeated every
   _________ elements when in order of increasing
   ______________.
4. The work of ____________ in revising the periodic
   table resulted in the periodic law.

2
Basic Organization of the Periodic Table

1. What are rows on the periodic table called? How
   do they relate to atomic structure?
2. What two terms are used to refer to columns on
   the periodic table? How do columns relate to
   atomic structure?
3. How are the representative groups numbered across
   the periodic table? How do the group numbers
   relate to atomic structure?

3
Important Families

1. What two things do all of the elements in a
   family have in common?
2. The alkaline earth family tends to ______
   electrons to become stable.
3. The Group 6A family tends to form ions with _____
   charge.
4. Which family is so reactive that many of its
   elements react violently with water?
5. Which nonmetal family is the most reactive on the
   table?

4
Metals vs. Nonmetals

• Predict the conductivity of strontium.
• What state of matter do you expect find the
  halogens at room temperature?
• In general, how do nonmetals become stable?
  (Gaining or losing electrons)
• All of the diatomic elements are (metals or
  nonmetals).
• How do metals generally become stable?
• (gaining or losing electrons)

5
Defining the Trends

1. Define ionization energy.
2. Define electronegativity.
3. Define atomic radius.
4. Define ionic radius.

6
Remembering the Patterns

1. How does atomic radius change across a period?
   Down a group?
2. How does ionization energy change across a
   period? Down a group?
3. How does electronegativity change across a
   period? Down a group?

7
Moseley arranged the elements of the periodic
table in order of increasing atomic
number.Mendeleev arranged the elements of the
periodic table in order of increasing atomic
mass.The periodic law says the chemical and
physical properties of elements are repeated
every eight elements when in order of increasing
atomic number.The work of Moseley in revising
the periodic table resulted in the periodic law.
8
What are rows on the periodic table called?
periods How do they relate to atomic
structure?They give the outer energy level for
the elements in which electrons are found.What
two terms are used to refer to columns on the
periodic table? Groups or Families
9
How do columns relate to atomic structure?Family
or group tells you how many valence electrons an
element has.How are the representative groups
numbered across the periodic table?
Representative or main group elements are
sometimes numbered with Roman numerals. How do
the group numbers relate to atomic structure? The
group number tells you about the valence
electrons.
10
What two things do all of the elements in a
family have in common? valence electrons and
reactivityThe alkaline earth family tends to
lose electrons to become stable and form
cations.The Group 6A family tends to form anions
with -2 charge.Which family is so reactive that
many of its elements react violently with
water?Alkali metals (Group IA)Which nonmetal
family is the most reactive on the table?halogens
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Predict the conductivity of strontium.Sr is a
metal and would conduct well.What state of
matter do you expect find the halogens at room
temperature?Halogens are gases at room
temperature.In general, how do nonmetals become
stable? (Gaining or losing electrons)All of the
diatomic elements are (metals or nonmetals).How
do metals generally become stable? (gaining or
losing electrons)
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AR ?across the period AR ?as you move down
groupIE ? across the periodIE ? down the
familyEN ? across the periodEN ? down the group