The PERIODIC TABLE

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The PERIODIC TABLE
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History

• Dimitri Mendeleev is considered the father of the
  Periodic Table
• Based on atomic mass, though he knew that was
  wrong.
• Was able to predict several elements and left
  space on the table.
• First one to organize all data for elements
  efficiently.
• The modern Periodic Table is based on increasing
  atomic number
• Modern Periodic Theory states that periodicity is
  based on number of valence electrons.

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Periodic
Groups
Periods
Table
(Families)
Rows
Columns
Numbered
Numbered
1 through
18
1through 7
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III. Valence Electrons
Gr 1 Gr 2
1 val elec-trons 2 val e-
Ex. H Ex Mg
Gr 14 Gr 15 Gr 16 Gr 17 Gr 18
4 val e- 5 val e- 6 val e- 7 val e- 8 val e-
Ex. Si Ex. N Ex. O Ex Br Ex. Ne except He2
Gr 13
3 val e-
Ex. Al
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Important Definitions

• Valence electrons electrons in outermost energy
  level
• Electronegativity rating 0-4 of desire an atom
  has to gain an electron
• Ionization energy amount of energy needed to
  remove one valence electron. Referred to as
  first and second (energy needed to remove next
  outermost electron)

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Every Group Has a Name
1 2 3 - 12
17 18
Transi t ion
Earth
Alka l i
Halogens
Alkal ine
Nobl e
Me t a l s
Ga s s e s
Me t a l s
Meta ls
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There are THREE Types of Elements
Metals
Non Metals

• Solids
• Density greater than water
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Luster
• Conductors
• Low ionization energy
• and electronegativity values
• Form positive ions

• Gasses
• Brittle (when solid)
• Dull surface
• Poor Conductors
• High ionization energy and electronegativity
  values
• Form negative ions

Metalloids
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At Display BOTH
Characteristics
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EXCEPTIONS
Bromine and Mercury are LIQUIDS at Room
Temperature
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Non Metals Mostly Gasses
Metals
Metalloids
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EXCEPTION
Hydrogen is NOT a Metal Al is NOT a Metalloid
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Using the information we just learned, Describe
the following pictures