Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

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Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
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CAUSES FOR THE FOUNDING OF ISRAEL

• ANTI-SEMITISM hated, fear and distrust of Jews.

• POGROMS organized acts of violence against Jews
  in Russia and Poland in the last few centuries.

• GHETTOS Jews were forced to live in ghettos
  throughout Europe and the Arab World.
• ZIONISM the desire to establish a Jewish
  homeland in Palestine

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FATHER OF ZIONISM
THEODOR HERZL

• an Austrian Jew

• a journalist

• covered the Dreyfuss Affair

• French Officer

• was Jewish

• on trial for treason

• very little evidence

• convicted just b/c he was Jewish

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The Ottoman Empire in 1850
The collapse o/t Ottoman Empire in 1922.

• The Sideshow t/t Sideshow
• Lawrence of Arabia

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BRITISH MANDATE (1918-1948)

• Importance of OIL causes Britain and France to
  remain in MidEast.
• Britain controls ALL major land and water trade
  routes.
• Suez Canal
• Persian Gulf
• Jordan
• Promises BOTH Arabs and Jews a homeland in
  Palestine.

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BRITISH PROMISES

• McMahon-Hussein Agreement (1915) British
  promise the Arabs (Hussein family) an Arab state
  in return for allegiance against Axis Powers.
• Jordan to King Abdallah Hussein
• Iraq to King Faisal, Abdallahs brother

Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) agreement
between Britain and France to divide up the
MidEast amongst themselves.
Balfour Declaration (1917) British promise a
Jewish homeland in Palestine.
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UN PARTITION PLAN (1947)
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1st Arab-Israeli War May 15, 1948

• May 14, 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the 1st Prime
  Minister of Israel, declares independence.
• May 15, 1948 Six Arab countries invade Israel
• Armies of Egypt, Transjordan (now Jordan),
  Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia joined
  Palestinian and other voluntary Arab soldiers.
• Israelis called it the War of Independence.
• Arabs called it the Catastrophe.

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ARAB INVASION OF 1948
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ISRAELS NEW BORDERS

• Israelis defeat the six Arab armies.

• Jews gain almost all land given to
  Palestinian-Arabs in UN Partition Plan.

• Jordan only ARAB country to gain territory.
• Jerusalem (Old City)
• West Bank

• Egypt retains Gaza Strip.

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ARAB REFUGEES

• Approximately 400,000 Palestinian-Arabs become
  refugees in neighboring Arab countries.
• One of the main issues btwn Arabs and Israelis to
  make peace today

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The HOLOCAUST

• Over 6 million Jews murdered in WWII.

• Jews unable to find refuge during war.

• Even after WWII, Western countries, including the
  USA, turned away Holocaust survivors.

• Worldwide collective guilt, allows newly founded
  UN to recognize the newly established state of
  Israel.

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GAMAL ABDEL NASSER

• Egyptian President

• Led Pan-Arabism

• Called for the destruction of Israel

• Increase economic power of Arab countries

• NATIONALIZE all foreign owned businesses

• End dependence on the West

• Built the ASWAN HIGH DAM

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CAUSES OF THE SUEZ CANAL WAR OF 1956

• Britain and France want to regain control of the
  Suez Canal
• Egypt, under Gamal Abdel Nasser, blockades the
  Tiran Straits.
• -The only access to the Red Sea for Israeli
  trading
• Britain and France pledge to help Israel and in
  return Israel will help them.

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THE SIX DAY WAR JUNE 5-10, 1967
CAUSES

• Syrias military amassed at Israels northern
  border.

• Egypts military amassed at Israels southern
  border.

• NASSERs insistence in 1967 that the UNEF leave
  the Sinai Peninsula.

• Egypt, once again, blockades the Tiran Straits.

• Israel conducts a PRE-EMPTIVE STRIKE which
  decimated Egypts and Syrias air forces.

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MILITARY ARMAMENT COMPARISON
ARABS (EGYPT, JORDAN, SYRIA) ISRAEL

Personnel
547,000 soldiers
70,000 standing army 230,000 reservists
5,404
Tanks
800
900
200
Aircraft
110 million
2.7 million
Total Pop.
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THE 1967 SIX DAY WAR
The OCCUPIED TERRITORIES

• Egypt lost the SINAI PENINSULA and the GAZA STRIP.

• Syria lost the GOLAN HEIGHTS.

• Jordan lost JERUSALEM (OLD CITY) and the WEST
  BANK.

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UN RESOLUTION 242

• LAND FOR PEACE
• Israel claims Occupied Territories are a buffer
  zone for security
• UN condemned Israel for taking Arab territories
• Israel refused to return land. . . due to
  security concerns

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YOM KIPPUR WAR (1973)

• Launched by Egypt and Syria on the holiest
  holiday in Judaism.

• After initial Arab victories, the Israeli Defense
  Force (IDF) crossed the Suez Canal.

• Israeli victory enabled by USA resupplying Israel
  with all needed military weapons.

• 1974 Arabs begin oil embargo against the West,
  esp. the USA.

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CAMP DAVID ACCORDS (1979)

• 1st peace treaty btwn Israel and an Arab country
  (EGYPT).

• MENACHIM BEGIN, PM of Israel, returned the Sinai
  Peninsula.

• ANWAR SADAT, Pres. of Egypt, opens trading ties
  w/Israel.

Who? ____________________

• Unfortunately, peace is a COLD PEACE.

Sadat Assassination
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The INTIFADA (the Shaking)1987-1993

• Violent protests against Israeli occupation of
  the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

• Most Palestinians follow the PLO under Yasir
  Arafat.

• However, more and more Palestinians are turning
  to Islamic Fundamentalist organizations, such as
  HAMAS and Islamic Jihad.

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OSLO ACCORDS (1993)

• Israeli Demands
• a commitment by the Palestinians to end terrorism
  in Israel
• increase trading ties with Israel
• True PEACE

• Palestinian Demands
• Israel to stop building Israeli settlements in
  the West Bank
• Gaza Strip and Jericho first for self-rule
• to gain 13 more land in the West Bank
• return of Arab Refugees

Yitzak Rabin Israeli Prime Minister during Oslo
Accords
Yasir Arafat Palestinian leader during Oslo
Accords
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CAMP DAVID 2000

• Israeli redeployment from 95 of the West Bank
  and 100 of the Gaza Strip
• The creation of a Palestinian state in that area
• The removal of isolated Jewish settlements that
  would be transferred to Palestinian control
• Slices of Israeli land to be included in the
  Palestinian state to compensate for the
  percentage of the West Bank to become Israeli
• Palestinian control over parts of Jerusalem
• Including 3/4 of the Old City
• "Religious Sovereignty" over the Temple Mount
  (rather than Israeli sovereignty, which had been
  in effect since 1967)
• But the PALESTINIANS said NO. Why???

Yasir Arafat Ldr o/t PLO
Ehud Barak PM of Israel
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To Make Peace . . .

• Borders and Barriers
• CREATE A T-CHART W/ PALESTIAN DEMANDS ON ONE SIDE
  
• ISRAELI DEMANDS ON THE OTHER SIDE
• Should the Palestinians give up land due to
  anti-Semitism in Europe??