Arab - Israeli Conflict

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Arab - Israeli Conflict
Key Questions Who is fighting? Where are they
fighting? Why are they fighting? Will there ever
be peace?

• Content
• Review key events contributing to the
  Arab-Israeli Conflict
• Thinking Skills
• Display an understanding of concepts

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Background

• For centuries the Jews had been persecuted
• Romans destroy temples
• Diaspora
• Anti-Semitism
• Pogroms
• Holocaust
• Gave rise to the Zionist Movement
• Wanted to set up an independent Jewish state

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Background

• During the same time
• Ottoman Empire controlled the Arab people
  (Palestine)
• Palestinian Arabs wanted independence

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World War I

• McMahon-Hussein Correspondence (1915)
• British promise independence of Arab states
• After WWIVictorious nations given areas to
  oversee
• British Mandate of Palestine

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World War I

• Balfour Declaration (1917)
• letter from Great Britain that endorsed national
  Jewish state in Palestine
• Jewish immigration increases --gt Arabs protest

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Holocaust

• Entire world feels guilt
• United Nations Partition Plan (1947)
• Offers to create a Jewish and Arab state in
  Palestine
• Jews accept - Arabs decline
• Creation of Israel (David Ben-Gurion)
• What is the effect on the Palestinian Arabs?

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Israeli War for Independence (1948)

• Israel attacked by Arab nations
• Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon
• Israel wins war --gt annex more territory
• More Jews come to Israel (refugees)
• More Palestinian Arabs look for refuge (500,000)
• Set up camps
• What were the conditions like in these camps?
• Why didnt they move on?

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Palestinian refugees

• This picture, dated 1948, shows a Palestinian
  refugee and her child separated from their home
  by the "green line" after the 1948 war. Hundreds
  of thousands of Palestinians were displaced
  because of the war and the creation of Israel.
  One of the most contentious issues in the ongoing
  Arab-Israeli crisis is the "right of return," the
  demand by Palestinians to return to land seized
  in 1948.

Why is the refugee problem so important to the
conflict?
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Six Day War (1967)
Rapid Israeli attack devastates Arab
armies Israel wins --gt Sinai Peninsula, Gaza
Strip, Golan Heights, West Bank
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Map after 1967 War

• Israel gains the following territory after the
  war
• Sinai Peninsula / Gaza Strip (from Egypt)
• Golan Heights (from Syria)
• West Bank (from Jordan)

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UN Resolution 242 (1967)

• UN condemns Israel for taking Arab territory and
  asks for Israel to return it
• Israel refusescites security concerns
• Land for Peace
• Basis for future peace talks

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Palestine Liberation Organization (1964)

• Palestinian Arabs key to peace
• Refugee camps
• Wanted self rule
• PLO use terrorism to get self rule / destroy
  Israel
• Israel forced to respond

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Munich Olympics 1972

• Eleven Israeli athletes murdered at Olympics by
  Palestinian gunmen
• World is outraged by killings

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Yom Kippur War (1973)

• Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack
• Israels government, led by Golda Meir, was not
  fully prepared
• Attained U.S. support
• Cease-fire
• During war-Arab members of OPEC (Organization of
  Petroleum Exporting Countries) declared an oil
  embargo to countries supporting Israel

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Camp David Accords (1978)

• Egyptian President Sadat, Israel Prime Minister
  Begin, and US President Carter negotiated a peace
  treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979
• Return Sinai to Egypt
• Egypt recognized Israel

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Sadat Assassination
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Lebanon 1978 1982

• Israel invades in an effort to stop PLO attacks
• Expels PLO

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Conflict

• Israel surrounded by hostiles
• Long history of conflict
• West Bank / Gaza Strip
• Jewish settlements created
• 1.7 Million Palestinians live under Israeli
  control
• No power / no voice

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Occupied Territories Gaza Strip, West Bank,
Golan Heights
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Palestinian Intifada
-In 1987 Palestinians begin to violently protest
Israeli rule over the West Bank -Some
Palestinians follow the PLO under Yassir
Arafat -Some Palestinians follow Islamic
organizationHammas. How are they different?
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1993 Oslo Peace Accord

• Recognize each other
• Israel agrees to PLO self-rule, regain control
  over some lost territories
• PLO agrees to stop terrorism
• Rabin and Arafat win Nobel Peace Prize

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Rabin Assassination
Right wing Israeli activist assassinate
Rabin. Significance?
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Since 2000

• 2000-a second Intifada
• Operation Defensive Shield
• 2004-Yasser Arafat died-Mahmoud Abbas takes over
• Israeli P.M. Ariel Sharon decided that Israel
  would withdraw from Gaza and parts of West Bank
  (2005)
• Hamas wins control of Palestinian Parliament 2006
• Border issues and air strikes followed
• Attacks on Israel have increased since 2010 as
  Hamas tries to disrupt peace talks

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Israeli Water Source Map
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The Continuing Arab-Israeli Conflict
Why is a resolution so difficult?

• Split up into groups of 4
• Review Main themes of the current issues
  involved in the Arab-Israeli Conflict
• 2 from Palestinian Authority perspective
• 2 from Israeli perspective
• Present The argument from your side to the group
• Debate What should happen?

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Chronology Closure

• With your groups of 4
• Identify the terms in your envelopes (you should
  explain the significance of each term)
• Organize the terms in chronological order

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Consider

• How do you think the conflict should be resolved?
• What prevents a resolution?
• Will there ever be a resolution?
• Take the Arab-Israeli Strips and put them in
  chronological order (and identify them) with a
  partner