Classification

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Classification

• Chapter 18
• Biology Miller Levine

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Why Classify?

• To study the diversity of life
• As a system to name organisms
• To group them in a logical manner
• Taxonomy classify organisms and assign each
  organism a universally accepted name

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Why Classify?

• Organisms have both scientific names and common
  names
• Mountain lion, puma, cougar, or panther
• Felis concolor

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History of Classification

• Aristotle devised the first classification system
  based on where an animal lived
• In the air, on the land, or in the water
• Carolus Linnaeus came up with both the modern
  classification system and binomial nomenclature,
  the naming system

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Taxa

• A group or level of organization
• Seven taxa
• Kingdom King
• Phylum Philip
• Class Came
• Order Over
• Family For
• Genus Good
• Species Spaghetti

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Taxa
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Binomial Nomenclature

• Each species is assigned a two-part scientific
  name
• First part the genus to which the organism
  belongs (Ex. Ursus)
• Genus name is capitalized
• Second part the specific species (Ex.
  maritimus)
• Species name is lowercase

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Evolutionary Classification

• Scientists now group organisms into categories
  that represent their evolutionary descent, not
  just physical similarities
• Cladogram a diagram that shows the evolutionary
  relationships among a group of organisms

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Cladogram
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DNA and RNA similarities

• Sometimes the analysis of DNA has shown
  relationships that were previously misunderstood
• Ex. Panda Bear
• Was originally grouped with the other bears
• Based on DNA analysis it was discovered that it
  is more genetically similar to the Red Panda,
  which is raccoon-like

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Red Panda
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Kingdoms

• 1st there were 2 kingdoms, then 3, then 5 and now
  6
• 5-Kingdom System Monera, Protista, Fungi,
  Plantae, Animalia

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Domains

• In the six-kingdom system, the kingdoms are
  grouped into 3 domains Archaea, Bacteria, and
  Eukarya
• Archaea includes Kingdom Archabacteria
• Bacteria includes Kingdom Eubacteria
• Eukarya includes Kingdoms Protista, Fungi,
  Plantae, and Animalia

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Characteristics of Each Kingdom