Classification

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Classification
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I. Carl Linnaeus

• Classification System
• 1. Taxonomy the science of naming organisms
  and assigning them to groups
• a. Similar structural characteristics
• b. Similar functions behaviors

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• 2. Taxa different levels of classification
• DOMAIN (3 largest groups Bacteria, Archaea,
  Eukarya)
• a. Kingdom Animalia
• b. Phylum Chordata
• c. Class Mammalia
• d. Order Carnivora
• e. Family Felidae
• f. Genus Felis
• g. Species Domesticus

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• B. Naming System
• 1. Binomial nomenclature two-part scientific
  name
• 2. Made up of the organisms genus and species
  names
• 3. House cat Felis domesticus (if typed) or
  Felis domesticus (if written)
• a. Whole name is in italics or underlined
• b. Genus is capitalized species is lowercase

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II. Taxonomy Today

• Taxonomy Phylogeny
• 1. Phylogeny evolutionary history
• 2. Species that are closely related by evolution
  are grouped together
• 3. Homologous structures classify more closely
  together
• (Human arm whale flipper)
• 4. Analogous structures similar structures
  that develop separately in organisms not closely
  related classified further apart
• (Bat wing butterfly wing)

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• B. Biochemical Taxonomy
• 1. Compare nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA
• 2. Compare amino acid sequence in proteins
• 3. Similar sequences? Classify together

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III. Six Kingdom Classification System

• Archaebacteria (Domain Archaea)
• - Prokaryotic
• - Unicellular
• - Auto/Hetero
• - Some are mobile (flagella)
• - Methanogens (make methane - found in harsh
  environments)
• Halophiles (love salt Dead Sea)
• Thermophiles (love heat hot springs,
  thermal vents)

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http//minst.org/images/23899A.jpg
http//filebox.vt.edu/users/chagedor/biol_4684/Mic
robes/natrono.html
Examples of halophilic (salt loving) bacteria
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• B. Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)
• - Pro
• - Uni
• - Auto/Hetero
• - Some are mobile (also by us!)
• - In your yogurt, on your hands, E. coli in
  your large intestine, disease-causing like
  Strep

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Streptococcus http//images.encarta.msn.com/xrefme
dia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t028/T028362A.jpg
Escherichia coli (E. coli) http//www.astrographic
s.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2144.jpg
Bifidobacteria (the kind in
your yogurt) http//www.genomenewsnetwork.org/gnn_
images/news_content/10_02/bifido/bifido_1.jpg
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• C. Protista
• - Eu
• - Uni (multi colony)
• - Auto/Hetero
• - Yes (cilia or flagella)
• - Amoeba, paramecium, euglena

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http//arnica.csustan.edu/Biol1010/classification/
euglena.JPG
Euglena
Amoeba http//greggsutter.com/mt/archives/freelivi
ngameoba.jpg
Paramecium http//upsidedownhippo.com/archives/Par
amecium.jpg
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• D. Fungi
• - Eu
• - Multi
• - Hetero
• - Not mobile
• - Mushrooms, ringworm, athletes foot, mold

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Microsporum gypseum (Causes ringworm) http//photo
graphy.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shar
ed/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/r/ringworm-f
ungus-522315-lw.jpg
Mushroom http//www.seattle.net/media/mushroom-thu
mb.jpg
Microsporum canis (Causes athletes
foot) www.provlab.ab.ca/mycol/image/derm/mcanmic.j
pg
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• E. Plantae
• - Eu
• - Multi
• - Auto (photosynthesis)
• - Not mobile
• - Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

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• F. Animalia
• - Eu
• - Multi
• - Hetero
• - Yes
• - Sponges, worms, insects, mammals, etc.