CLASSIFICATION

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CLASSIFICATION
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What is Classification?

• The grouping of things according to similar
  characteristics
• Geologists classify rocks, soil, and fossils
• Meteorologists classify clouds, winds, and
  storms.
• Biologists classify living things

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The First Taxonomists(scientists who classify
living things)

• Aristotle Developed the first classification
  system based on organisms being placed in two
  groups plants and animals
• Animals were subdivided into the way they
  moved walking, swimming, flying
• John Ray Suggested that groups with the same
  kind of parent should be grouped in a species
• He used an organismss internal anatomy as
  well as its outward appearance to classify
  organisms.
• Carolus Linneaus Developed the classification
  system we use today called binomial nomenclature

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Binomial Nomenclature

• A organisms first name is its genus
• (similar to our last names)
• Its second name is its species
• (similar to our first names)
• Examples Panthera leo, Homo sapiens, Felis
  domesticus, Felis tigris, Canus lupus
• Genus is capitalized, species is lower case and
  both are in italics or underlined

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Classification Groups

• Kingdom (largest, most general)
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species (smallest, most specific)

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Classification Vocabulary

• Unicellular the organism only has 1 cell
• Multicellular the organism is made of many
  cells
• Prokaryotic the cells of the organism does NOT
  have a nucleus
• Eukaryotic the cells DO have a nucleus
• Autotrophs organisms that make their own food
  (producers)
• Heterotrophs organisms that must consume food
  for energy (consumers)

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The Six Kingdoms

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Most likely the earliest forms of life on earth.
• Can live in extremely harsh environments like
  lava and boiling hot water
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotes DNA lies free in the cytoplasm of
  the cells because there is not nucleus
• Heterotrophs
• Reproduce with cell division

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Kingdom Eubacteria

• Typical bacteria
• Prokaryotic
• Live in mild, oxygen-rich environments
• Some have cell walls that are rigid like plants
• Heterotrophs
• Reproduce with cell division

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Kingdom Protista

• Unicellular organisms that sometimes live close
  together in colonies
• Eukaryotic
• Live in water or really moist environments
• Grouped by the way they move
• Most heterotrophs, but some are autotrophs
• Reproduce with cell division
• Examples euglena, amoeba, paramecium

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Kingdom Fungi

• Most are multicellular, but a few like yeasts are
  unicellular
• Heterotrophs. They digest food outside their
  bodies then absrob it through their cells
• Eukaryotic
• Live in mild, moist, dark environments
• Do not move
• Examples yeast, mold, mushrooms

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Kingdom Plantae

• Multicellular
• Cells have thick cell walls that support the
  plant
• Autotrophs require photosynthesis to produce
  their own food
• Eukaryotic
• Can live in a variety of conditions
• Examples flowers, grass, trees, weeds

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Kingdom Animalia

• Multicellular
• Cells are organized into layers called tissues
  that make up organs, which make up organ systems
• Heterotrophs
• Eukaryotic
• Can live in a variety of conditions
• Examples humans, cats, dogs, penguins,
  giraffes, lizards, fish, birds

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Vertebrate Classes

• Animals that have backbones are further
  subdivided into 5 vertebrate classes
• Mammals
• Birds
• Fish
• Reptiles
• Amphibians

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Mammals

• Warm-blooded
• Have hair
• Produce milk for their young
• Do not lay eggs
• Young develop inside their mothers
• Examples humans, elephants, monkeys, hippos,
  gophers

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Birds

• Have feathers
• Most Fly
• Hollow bones
• Warm-blooded
• Lay eggs
• Examples penguins, owls, eagles

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Reptiles

• Have scales
• Most lay eggs
• Cold-Blooded
• Examples turtles, alligators, crocodiles,
  snakes, lizards

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Amphibians

• Born in water
• Breathe with gills until mature and move to land
• Lay eggs
• Cold-Blooded
• Examples frogs, toads, salmanders

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Fish

• Live in water
• Breathe using gills
• Most have scales
• Cold-Blooded
• Examples Goldfish, koi, sharks

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What about Viruses

• What is a virus
• A strand of DNA in a shell made of protein
• They are not included in any of the kingdoms
  because they have characteristics of both living
  and nonliving things
• Examples AIDS/HIV, common cold, HPV, herpes