Classification

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Classification

• Grouping Identifying Living Things

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Taxonomy

• The study of how living things are classified
• Classification is the sorting of organisms based
  on similar characteristics
• Carolus Linnaeus is known as the Father of
  Taxonomy

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Levels of Classification

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

• Dear
• King
• Phillip
• Came
• Over
• For
• Good
• Spaghetti

• Most General
• Most Specific

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Genus and Species

• The last two levels make up an organisms
  scientific name
• This is called Binomial Nomenclature
• Bitwo
• NomialName

Acer grandidentatum
Penicillium chrysogenum
Felis Concolor
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Classifying Living Things

• We put livings things into three Domains
• Eukaryota Bacteria Archaea
• Which are divided into 6 Kingdoms
• Plant Animal Fungi
• Protist Eubacteria Archaebacteria
• We are in the Domain Eukaryota and the Kingdom
  Animalia

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Prokaryotes no nucleus
Do have a nucleus
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Animal Kingdom

• All animals are multi-cellular!
• All animal cells are eukaryotic!
• What does this mean?
• Their cells have a nucleus and membrane bound
  organelles.
• Animal cells are only surrounded by cell
  membranesno cell wall!
• Animals are heterotrophs
• Most animals can move

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Animal Kingdom

• All animals have specialized parts that do
  specific jobs.
• Animals have different types of cells (ex. Heart
  cell vs. brain cell)
• Animals have different kinds of tissues for their
  various organs.
• The different organs in an animal perform
  different jobs for the whole body.

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Animal Kingdom

• Sowhat makes an animal an animal?
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophs
• Eukaryotes

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Symmetry

• BilateralCan be divided into two mirror-images
  halves
• Radialmany lines of symmetry through a central
  location

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Animals

• Animals are spilt into two major groups
• Vertebrates
• Phylum Chordata
• Invertebrates
• Most animals are invertebrates
• 29 different Phyla

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Vertebrates

• These are animals with a backbone.
• There are five groups of vertebrates
• Amphibians
• Birds
• Fish
• Mammals
• Reptiles

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Endo or Ecto?

• Endothermic means their body temperature does not
  change much, even when the temperature of the
  environment changes. (Warm Blooded)
• Mammals and Birds
• Ectothermic means their body temperature changes
  with the environment. (cold blooded)
• Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles

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Fish

• Have wet scales
• Lays eggs in water
• Lives in water
• Uses gills for breathing
• Ectothermic

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Amphibians

• Have moist skin
• Obtains oxygen through lungs and skin
• Lay jelly coated eggs in water
• Lives on land and water
• Ectothermic

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Reptiles

• Have dry scales
• Lay waterproof eggs on land
• Skin is adapted to keep water in the body
• Breaths through lungs
• Ectothermic

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Birds

• Have feathers, scales on feet and legs and hollow
  bones
• Have a gizzard that holds small stones to help
  grind food
• Have a four chambered heart
• Lay hard shelled eggs
• Endothermic

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Mammals

• Have hair or fur and produce milk
• Specialized teeth
• Give birth to live offspring (no eggs)
• Have a four chambered heart
• Endothermic

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Summary of Vertebrates
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Invertebrates

• These are animals without a backbone
• There are eight groups of invertebrates
• Mollusks
• Flatworms
• Segmented Worms
• Roundworms
• Sponges
• Echinoderms
• Cnidarians
• Arthropods

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Sponges

• Filter feed
• Simplest Animals

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Worms

• Bilateral symmetry
• Have head and tail ends
• Simplest organism with a brain

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Flatworms

• Have flat worm like bodies
• Tapeworms and planarians

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AnnelidsSegmented Worms

• Have bodies made up of many linked sections
• Earthworms

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Roundworms

• Digestive system is like a tube open at both ends
• Have bodies with no segments

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Arthropods

• Have
• segmented bodies
• Jointed appendages
• External skeleton
• There are four group of arthropods
• Arachnids
• Centipedes Millipedes
• Crustaceans
• Insects

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Arthropods - Arachnid

• Have four pairs of legs.
• Have bodies divided into two sections

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Arthropods Centipedes Millipedes

• Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each
  of their many body sections

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Arthropods - Crustacean

• Have five-seven pairs of legs
• First pair often used as pincers
• Bodies covered in shell

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Arthropods - Insects

• Have three pairs of legs
• Bodies divided into three sections
• Often have wings

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Mollusks

• Soft bodies, some have a hard outer shell, foot
  for moving
• Three Groups
• Gastropod-most diverse
• Bivalve
• Cephalopod

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Cnidarians

• Have stinging tentacles
• Radial Symmetry
• Two body forms
• Medusa-the form during the movement stage of life
• Polyp- sessile (doesnt move)

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Madusa Polyp

• Shaped like a bowl

• Shaped like a vase

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Echinoderms

• Have radial symmetry
• Have spiny outer covering
• Have a water vascular system