World War I

1
World War I

• Setting the Stage

2
Objectives

• What were the 4 underlying causes of WWI?
• What was the spark that led to WWI?
• How did all the major powers of Europe get
  involved in the war?
• What countries were the Allied Powers? The
  Central Powers?

3
UNDERLYING CAUSES

• Nationalism
• Emerged in 1800s nationalities calling for
  political unity / independence
• Imperialism
• Colonization of Africa, Asia, etc. had led to
  conflicts
• Militarism
• Glorification of armed strength
• Late 1800s large well trained armies
• If one nation mobilized others followed suit

4
Militarism at its best

• Dreadnought
• GB -1906

5
4. Alliance System
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
6
Germany Looking for protection?

• Bismarck feared France would seek revenge
• 1871 Franco-Prussian War
• 1881 Three Emperors League Ger, A-H, Russia
• Stay neutral
• 1882 Triple Alliance Ger, A-H, Italy
• 1887 Reinsurance Treaty w/ Russia

7
Putting together the Triple Entente

• France now looking for assistance
• 1894 France Russia ally together
• G.B. angered by German naval build-up
• 1907 Triple Entente GB, Russia, France
• Italy has their hand in both cookie jars

8
Europe 1914
9
Walter Trier, drawing illustrating the military
alliances in Europe (1914)
10
Balkans - The Powder Keg

• Serbia independent hoped to join with
  Bosnia-Herzegovina
• 1908 A-H annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Germany supported A-H
• Russia supported Serbia
• Pan Slavism

11
The Spark

• June 28, 1914
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to A-H)
  assassinated in Sarajevo
• Gavrilo Princip Serbian Nationalist Black
  Hand - assassin

12
The Ultimatum

• A-H obviously sought punishment
• Needed Germanys approval blank check
• Austria-Hungary demanded that Serbia get rid of
  any anti Austria-Hungary books, teachers, groups,
  officials or face military action
• Serbia began to mobilize
• July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on
  Serbia

13
And so it begins

• Russia begins to mobilize support Serbia
• August 1 Germany declares war on Russia
• August 3 - Germany declares war on France
• Belgium stays neutral not supposed to be
  attacked
• August 4. 1914 Germany rolls into Belgium to
  get to France so GB declared war on Germany

14
The Schlieffen Plan
15
War Expands

• Japan enters on the side of France Russia
• Italy stayed neutral for 10 months
• 1915- entered on side of GB, FR, Russia
• Ottoman Empire joined Germany Austria-Hungary
• Bulgaria joins Ger, Ott, A-H in Oct. 1915

16
(No Transcript)
17
Allies in Green, Central Powers in Orange
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
Total War

• A war in which nations turn all their resources
  to the war effort became known as total war.
• Soldiers were drafted civilians.
• Men who were not drafted, as well as women,
  worked in arms factories.

26
(No Transcript)
27
For Recruitment
28
Munitions Workers
29
French Women Factory Workers
30
German Women Factory Workers
31
Red Cross Nurses
32
Women in the Army Auxiliary
33
Russian Women Soldiers
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
A Multi-Front War
38
The Western Front
39
Trench Warfare
No Mans Land
40
Verdun February, 1916

• German offensive.
• Each side had 500,000 casualties.

41
The Somme July, 1916

• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

42
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
43
(No Transcript)
44
The Sinking of the Lusitania - May 1915-
45
The Zimmerman Telegram
46
The YanksAre Coming! The world must be made
safe for democracy