End of the War

1
End of the War

• Yalta Conference
• Death of F.D.R
• Harry Truman
• V-E Day
• Potsdam Conference
• Manhattan Project
• Robert Oppenheimer
• Hiroshima
• Nagasaki
• V-J Day

2
Yalta Conference

• Close to victory in 45
• Stalin, Churchill, and FDR meet at Yalta to
  discuss division of Europe
• Stalin wanted to punish Germany and divide
  Germany into occupied zones
• Churchill strongly disagreed
• FDR mediated

3
Yalta cont.

• FDR wanted
• Soviets to join war against Japan
• Soviet support for the new UN
• Agreed to temp. division of Germany
• British, Soviet, and US
• Stalin promised free elections in Poland and
  agreed to enter into the war with Japan

4
Harry S Truman

• FDR died April 12, 1945
• Truman took over
• FDR left Truman on the outside of most decisions
• No Knowledge of the Manhattan Project

5
Victory in Europe

• V-E Day May 8, 1945
• Soviets moved in and took Berlin
• Hitler committed suicide and left orders that his
  body be burned

6
Potsdam Conference

• July 45
• Big 3 met again
• Churchill's party had lost elections
• Churchill was replaced as P.M.
• Stalin had changed
• Probably knew of A-bomb
• Hadnt intended to provide Poland with free
  elections

7
Manhattan Project

• Led by J.Robert Oppenheimer
• Top secret project
• First test was July 16, 1945
• Truman ordered the dropping of two bombs

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(No Transcript)
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Manhattan Project cont.

• August 6, 1945
• b-29 Enola Gay dropped little boy on
  Hiroshima
• Leveled the city
• Japan refused to surrender
• Three days later fat man dropped on Nagasaki
• 200,000 people died
• Sept. 2, 1945 Japan signed the surrender aboard
  the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay
• V-J Day

10
Occupation of Japan

• MacArthur controlled Japan after the war
• 1,100 Japanese were tried for war crimes
• 7 sentenced to death, including Tojo, for
  atrocities against civilians or P.O.W.s
• 7 year occupation of Japan by MacArthur
• Introduced
• Free market economy
• New constitution
• Womens suffrage
• Basic freedoms

11
Occupation of Japan cont.

• The Emperor was allowed to continue to help the
  transition from the old world to the new
  democracy
• Had to admit to not being a god

12
Paying for the War in Europe

• 24 surviving Nazi leaders were put on trial for
• Crimes against Humanity
• Murder
• Enslavement
• Extermination
• War Crimes
• Killing hostages
• Plundering private property
• Destruction of towns and cities
• Crimes against the Peace
• Planning and waging an aggressive war

13
Nuremburg Trials

• Trials of German war criminals took place in
  Nuremburg, Germany
• The court panel was made up of judges from the
  victorious countries
• 12 of 24 sentenced to death
• Remaining sent to prison
• 200 more Nazis were found guilty of war crimes