Circulatory System

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Circulatory System
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The Circulatory System

• Circulatory system is made up of blood, the
  heart, and blood vessels.

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Section 37.2 Summary pages 975-984
Your Blood Fluid Transport

• Your blood is a tissue composed of fluid, cells,
  and fragments of cells.

Components
Characteristics
Transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide lack a
nucleus contain hemoglobin
Red blood cells
Large several different types all contain
nuclei defend the body against disease
White blood cells
Cell fragments needed for blood clotting
Platelets
Liquid contains proteins transports red and
white blood cells, platelets, nutrients, enzymes,
hormones, gases, and inorganic salts
Plasma

• The fluid portion of blood is called plasma.

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Section 37.2 Summary pages 975-984
Your Blood Fluid Transport

• Plasma is straw colored and makes up about 55
  percent of the total volume of blood.

• Blood cells-both red and white-and cell fragments
  are suspended in plasma.

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Section 37.2 Summary pages 975-984
Red blood cells Oxygen carriers
Side view
2.0 micrometers

• The round, disk-shaped cells in blood are red
  blood cells.

Top view
7.5 micrometers

• Red blood cells carry oxygen to body cells.

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Section 37.2 Summary pages 975-984
Red blood cells Oxygen carriers

• They make up 44 percent of the total volume of
  your blood, and are produced in the red bone
  marrow of your ribs, humerus, femur sternum, and
  other long bones.

• Red blood cells remain active in the bloodstream
  for about 120 days, then they break down and are
  removed as waste.

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Oxygen in the blood

• Red blood cells are equipped with an
  iron-containing protein molecule called
  hemoglobin.

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Oxygen in the blood

• Oxygen becomes loosely bound to the hemoglobin in
  blood cells that have entered the lungs.

• These oxygenated blood cells carry oxygen from
  the lungs to the bodys cells.

• As blood passes through body tissues with low
  oxygen concentrations, oxygen is released from
  the hemoglobin and diffuses into the tissues.

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Carbon dioxide in the blood

• Once biological work has been done in a cell,
  wastes in the form of carbon dioxide diffuse into
  the blood and are carried in the bloodstream to
  the lungs.

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White blood cells Infection fighters

• White blood cells play a major role in protecting
  your body from foreign substances and from
  microscopic organisms that cause disease.

White Blood Cells

• They make up only one percent of the total volume
  of your blood.

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Blood clotting

• Your blood contains small cell fragments called
  platelets, which help blood clot after an injury.

• Platelets help link together a sticky network of
  protein fibers called fibrin, which forms a web
  over the wound that traps escaping blood cells.

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Section 37.2 Summary pages 975-984
Rh factor

• Another characteristic of red blood cells
  involves the presence or absence of an antigen
  called RH, or Rhesus factor.

• Rh factor is an inherited characteristic.

• People are Rh positive (Rh) if they have the Rh
  antigen factor on their red blood cells.

• They are Rh negative (Rh-) if they dont.

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Your Blood Vessels Pathways of Circulation

• Arteries are large, thick-walled, muscular,
  elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from
  the heart.

• The blood that they carry is under great pressure.

• As the heart contracts, it pushes blood through
  the arteries.

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Your Blood Vessels Pathways of Circulation

• Blood surges through the arteries in pulses that
  correspond with the rhythm of the heartbeat.

• After the arteries branch off from the heart,
  they divide into smaller arteries that in turn
  divide into even smaller vessels called
  arterioles.

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Your Blood Vessels Pathways of Circulation

• Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels with
  walls that are only one cell thick. Carries
  oxygenated blood.
• Blood cells travel in a single file line.

• Capillaries form a dense network that reaches
  virtually every cell in the body.

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Your Blood Vessels Pathways of Circulation

• Thin capillary walls enable nutrients and gases
  to diffuse easily between blood cells and
  surrounding tissue cells.

• As blood leaves the tissues, the capillaries join
  to form slightly larger vessels called venules.

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Your Blood Vessels Pathways of Circulation

• Veins are the large blood vessels that carry
  blood from the tissues back toward the heart.
  Carries deoxygenated blood.

Vein
Capillary
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Types of Circulation

• Pulmonary Circulation carries blood between the
  heart and lungs

• Systemic Circulation carries blood between the
  heart and body

• Coronary Circulation
• Supplies blood to the heart

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Your Heart The Vital Pump

• The main function of the heart is to keep blood
  moving constantly throughout the body.

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Your Heart

• Your heart is about 12cm by 8cm-roughly the size
  of your fist.

• It lies in your chest cavity, just behind the
  breastbone and between the lungs, and is
  essentially a large muscle completely under
  involuntary control.

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Superior Vena Cava
OXYGEN-POOR BLOOD FLOW
-Brings blood from the upper body empties into
the right atrium.
To the lungs to get O2
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Artery
To the lungs to get O2
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
-Brings blood from the lower body empties into
the right atrium.
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OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD FLOW
Left Atrium
Aorta
From the lungs with O2
Pulmonary Vein
Pulmonary Vein
From the lungs with O2
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Prevents the mixing of blood
Septum
Aorta
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Bloods path through the heart

• Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle,
  Pulmonary Artery, (lungs), Pulmonary Vein, Left
  Atrium, Left Ventricle, Aorta

Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary vein
LA
RA
LV
RV
Capillaries
Inferior vena cava
Left lung
Right lung
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Blood pressure

• Blood pressure is the force that the blood exerts
  on the blood vessels.

• Blood pressure rises and falls as the heart
  contracts and then relaxes.

• Blood pressure rises sharply when the ventricles
  contract, pushing blood through the arteries.

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Blood pressure

• The high pressure is called systolic pressure.

• Blood pressure then drops dramatically as the
  ventricles relax.

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The Function of the Respiratory System.

1. Get oxygen to the cells of the body
2. Get rid of carbon dioxide

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Parts of the Respiratory System

• PHARYNX muscular tube in the upper throat which
  serves as a passageway for air and food.
• LARYNX contains your vocal chords, short
  passageway, sometimes called the voice box
• EPIGLOTTIS flap of tissue that covers the
  larynx and prevents food from going down the
  wrong tube.
• TRACHEA - long, straight tube in the chest
  cavity that leads from the throat to the lungs,
  also called the windpipe.

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Parts of the Respiratory System, cont.

• BRONCHI two small tubes that lead to the lungs,
  they divide into smaller tubes called
  BRONCHIOLES.
• ALVEOLI where the bronchioles end, clusters of
  air sacs. Where gases are actually exchanged.
  CO2-gtO2 In healthy lungs they are elastic and can
  stretch, always have a small amount of air.
• DIAPHRAGM powerful muscle spanning the rib cage
  under the lungs, aids in respiration.

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The path of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the
body

• Oxygen from the air diffuses into the
• blood vessels of the alveoli where it is
• used for cellular respiration inside cells.
• During this process, carbon dioxide
• diffuses into the blood where it is carried
• back to the lungs.