Circulatory System or Cardiovascular System

1
Circulatory Systemor Cardiovascular System
arteries
veins
2
Functions
To Cells

• Oxygen, nutrients, hormones
• Carbon dioxide waste
• Lungs receive carbon dioxide (exhale)
• Cell waste carried to kidneys for removal from
  body

From Cells
3
Heart

• Never rests
• Sends blood to
• Lungs
• Rest of body
• Contains myocardium
• Special type of muscle

4
4 Heart Chambers
4 Chambers

• Septum divides into left/right halves
• 2 chambers in each ½
• Upper chamber atrium
• Lower chamber ventricle
• 1 way valves
• Blood flows in 1 direction
• How does it beat?
• Impulses from brain send an electrical impulse

Heart Valve
5
Circulation in the Heart
1. Blood with carbon dioxide and waste is carried
to heart
2. Pumped into lungs
3. Blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon
dioxide
4. Oxygenated blood is passed back to the heart
5. Pumped to the bodys tissues through aorta

• See page 390

6
Blood

• Delivers
• Oxygen, nutrients hormones
• Carries away
• Wastes and carbon dioxide
• Helps to defend against infection

7
4 Parts of Blood
RBC

• 1. Plasma (55 of blood)
• -Liquid containing nutrients, waste, salts, and
  proteins
• 2. Red blood cells (40)
• Carry oxygen to tissues
• Hemoglobin molecule oxygen carrying part of
  blood
• Rich in iron
• Pigment that makes blood red

Platelets
WBC
8

• 3. White blood cells
• Some kill (surround, invade and ingest) pathogens
• Some form antibodies for immunity to a 2nd attack
• 4. Platelets
• Prevent the bodys loss of blood forming blood
  clots
• Scab is evidence of a clot

9
3 Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from
heart
Veins carry deoxygenated blood
back to heart
Capillaries end of the road connect
arteries and veins
10
How a scab forms

• A wound or cut in the skin leaks blood from the
  damaged blood vessels.
• Chemicals released from damaged cells and
  platelets make dissolved substances in the blood
  turn into a meshwork of microfibres, of the
  substance fibrin. This network traps blood cells.
• Gradually the meshwork hardens into a clump or
  clot that seals the leak. The clot then hardens
  and dries further into a protective scab.
• White cells arrive to attack any germs, and the
  skin begins to regrow and heal.

11
Care

• Dont smoke
• Nicotine increases blood pressure heart rate by
  narrowing arteries
• Maintain appropriate weight
• Exercise (aerobic exercise)
• At least 20 continuous min 3 xs a week
• Strengthens heart, improves circulation

Most problems are within your control!
12
Blood Pressure

• The force of blood on arteries
• Systolic-blood surges through arteries
• 110-120
• Diastolic-ventricles relax refill with blood
• 70-90

13
Blood Pressure Classification
14
Problems

• Congenital Heart Disease
• Congenital occurring at birth
• Examples
• Hole between 2 chambers
• Valves not functioning properly
• Blockage of blood flow
• Treatment surgery
• Heart Murmur
• Abnormal sound
• Major cause defective valve
• Sound http//www.openheartsurgery.com/heart_sound
  s.html
• Use the WAV File

15
Problems

• 3. Anemia
• Hemoglobin molecule is below normal levels
• Body cells dont receive oxygen
• Common cause iron deficiency
• Eat leafy green veggies, dried fruits, supplements

16
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HemoglobinStructure

17

• 4. Heart Attack
• Blood supply to part of the heart muscle is
  severely reduced or stopped
• Normally due to a buildup of plaque within the
  coronary arteries
• Treatments
• Bypass surgery

Problems
18
1. To widen narrowed coronary arteries, a
football-shaped burr that rotates up to 200,000
times a minute may be used to cut away plaque
from artery walls.
3. A stent is typically used to prevent
re-narrowing after an artery is widened.
2. Balloon angioplasty flattens plaques and
stretches the artery wall.
19

• 5. Leukemia
• Cancer of the blood
• Abnormal production of WBC in bone marrow
• Cells spill into blood, enter other organs
  interfere with functioning
• Prevent marrow from producing RBC, platelets
  normal WBC
• Treatments
• Bone marrow transplants
• Process slowed with
• Chemotherapy (chemicals)
• Radiation

Problems
20
Objectives

• Functions
• What does blood carry to body cells?
• What does blood remove from body cells?
• Structure
• What are the 3 main blood vessels?
• Which contains oxygen?
• Which does not contain oxygen?
• Which are the smallest?
• Name the upper and lower chambers of the heart.
• Name the oxygen-carrying part of the blood.
• Cell ________________ Molecule ______________
• Name the 4 main parts of the blood?
• What is the largest of the blood?
• What do WBC do?
• What do RBC do?
• What do platelets do?

21
Objectives

• Care
• What does nicotine do to your blood pressure?
• What does nicotine do to your arteries?
• What is the recommended amount of exercise?
• _________ continuous minutes, ________ xs a
  week.
• 4. What is a normal blood pressure reading?
• Problems
• What does congenital mean?
• Give one example of congenital heart disease.
• What is the major cause of a heart murmur?
• Anemia is lack of what molecule?
• What is the most common cause of anemia?
• What foods contain iron?
• What is the name for cancer of the blood?
• Name 1 treatment method.