The Circulatory System

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The Circulatory System

• The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types

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The Closed Circulatory System

• Humans have a closed circulatory system, typical
  of all vertebrates, in which blood is confined to
  vessels
• The heart pumps blood into large vessels that
  branch into smaller ones leading into the organs.
• Materials are exchanged by diffusion between the
  blood and the other organs at the capillaries.

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Purpose

• Transport nutrients to all parts of the body
• Make sure the brain has glucose
• Remove wastes like carbon dioxide
• Movement of other materials necessary for survival

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The Cardiovascular System

• Three Major Elements Heart, Blood Vessels,
  Blood
• 1. The Heart- cardiac muscle tissue
• highly interconnected cells
• four chambers
• Right and left atrium- upper chamber
• Left and Right Ventricle-
• Lower chambers

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Heart Wall

• Three layers of tissue
• Epicardium This serous membrane of smooth outer
  surface of heart
• Myocardium Middle layer composed of cardiac
  muscle cell and responsibility for heart
  contracting
• Endocardium Smooth inner surface of heart
  chambers

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Pathway of the blood

• Superior Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Lungs
• Pulmonary Vein
• Pulmonary Artery
• Left Artium
• Left Ventricle
• Aorta
• To the bodies organs cells

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Coronary Circulation

• Your heart has its own blood vessels to supply it
  with nutrients and oxygen and remove wastes
• If this circulation is blocked then a person can
  have a heart attack

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Pulmonary Circulation

• The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and
  back to the heart.
• Goes- right atrium to right ventricle
• Then pulmonary artery to the lungs
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs
• Then Pulmonary vein brings back oxygenated blood
  to the left atrium

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Systemic Circulation

• Oxygen rich blood needs to get to the rest of the
  body
• Wastes need to picked up and excreted
• Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle by way
  of the Aorta
• Travels to the body and exchange occurs at
  capillaries
• Veins bring back the de-oxygenated blood.

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Systemic circulation
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The Cardiovascular System

• 2. Blood Vessels -A network of tubes
• Arteries?arterioles move away from the heart
• Elastic Fibers
• Circular Smooth Muscle
• Capillaries where gas exchange takes place.
• One cell thick
• Serves the Respiratory System
• Veins?Venules moves towards the heart
• Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back
  from legs
• One way valves
• When they break - varicose veins form

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Cardiovascular Diseases
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The Cardiovascular System

• 3. The Blood
• Plasma
• Liquid portion of the blood. Contains clotting
  factors, hormones, antibodies, dissolved gases,
  nutrients and waste

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The Cardiovascular System

• The Blood
• B. Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells
• Carry hemoglobin and oxygen. Do not have a
  nucleus and live only about 120 days.
• Can not repair themselves.

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The Cardiovascular System

• The Blood
• C. Leukocytes White Blood cells
• Fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow
• Five types neutrophils, lymphocytes,
  eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes.

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The Cardiovascular System

• The Blood
• D. Thrombocytes Platelets.
• These are cell fragment that are formed in the
  bone marrow from magakaryocytes.
• Clot Blood by sticking together via protein
  fibers called fibrin.

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Disorders of the Circulatory System

• Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC
  count
• Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly,
  causing anemia
• Hemophilia - bleeders disease, due to lack of
  fibrinogen in thrombocytes
• Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by
  valve problems
• Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart
  become blocked with plaque, also called
  myocardial infarction