??????? Classification: ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? .

1
????? ??????
????? ???? ??????
2
????? ???????

• ??????? Classification ?? ??? ??????? ??
  ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??
  ??????? .
• ??? ??????? ( Taxonomy ) ?? ??? ???? ???
  ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????.
• ????? ???????
• 1- ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????.
• 2- ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????.

3
????? ??????? ???????

• ????? ???? ????? ( ?????? ?????? ) .
• ???????? ?????
• ?????? ( ??? ????? )
  ???????
• ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????
  ???? ???? ??? ????
• ???????
  
• 
  ????? ??????

??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????
?????? . 1- ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????
2- ?????? ??? ????? ???????
4
????? ???? ????? ( ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????
??? ) ????? ?? ?????? ??? 1- ??? ?????? ???? 2-
???? ?????? ???? 3- ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
???? . ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
??? ???? ??????? ( ????? ) ???? ?????? ????
?????? ( ??? ?????? ) ???? ????? ???? ( ???
???? )
5
???? ????? ?????? ( ?????? )

• ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????
  ??????.
• ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????
• 1- ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? .
• 2- ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????
• ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? .
• ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? .
• 3- ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????.
• ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ???? 36 ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????
• Galerida cristata
• ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?????
  ?????? .

6
??????? ???????

• ????? species ?????? ?? ????????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????
  ??? ??? .

???? ?????? ? 38
????? genus ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????
??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? .
??????? Family ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? Order ????? ?? ????? ???????
??????? Class ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????
?????
?????? phylum ????? ?? ????? ???????
??????? kingdom ????? ?? ??? ???????
??? ??????? domain ???? ???? ?? ???????
7
(No Transcript)
8
??????? ???????

• ????? species

???? ???? ???????
????? genus
??????? Family
?????? Order
??????? Class
?????? phylum
??????? kingdom
??? ??????? domain
9
??????? ??????

• ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ? ???? ??? ????? ??????
  ????? ????? ?? ?????.

??? ????? ?????????
??? ????? ?????????
??? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ????????? ????????
????? ????????? ????????
????? ??????????
????? ????????
????? ????????
????? ?????????
??? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????
???????? ?????. ????? 1- ???? ????? ?? ????? .
( ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? )
2- ??? ??? .
?????? ????? 2-2 ? 45 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
?? ?????
10
????? ????????? ????????

• - ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?
  ????????? ???????
• ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ( ???? ????? ????? ) .
• ??????? ?????? ?????? ( ?? ???? ???? ???? ????
  ???????? ?????? ) .
• ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??
  ??????????????? .
• ????? ????? ????? ?????? .
• ??????? ????? ( ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? )
• ???? ????? ??????? ( ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????????
  ) .

11
????? ????????? ????????

• ??????? ?????? ?????? (?? ???? ???? ???? ????
  ???????? ?????? )
• ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??
  ??????????????? .
• ????? ????? ????? ?????? .
• ??????? ????? ( ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? )
• ???? ????? ??????? ( ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????????
  )

12
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ????? ?????????? )

• ??????? ????? ?????? (???? ???? ???? ????
  ???????? ?????? ) .
• ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? .
• ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? .
• ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????
  ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? .
• ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????
  ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???
  ????.
• ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??
  ????? ?????? ??? ??????.

13
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ????? ???????? )

• ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????
  ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???
  ??????? .
• ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????
  ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????
  ????? ??? . ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? .
  ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? . ????
  ???? ???? ???

14
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ????? ???????? )

• ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????
  .
• ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
  ???? . ???? ???? ???? ???

15
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ????? ????????? )

• ??????? ????? ?????? (???? ???? ???? ????
  ???????? ?????? ) .
• ?? ????? ??? ???? ????.
• ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????.
• ?????? ??? ????? ??????? (?? ????? ??? ??????????
  )????? ????? ?????? .
• ?????? ?????
• ???? ????? ????? ??? .

16
(No Transcript)