Early Canadian History

1
Early Canadian History
2
(No Transcript)
3
Lesson 1 Early Exploration
4
(No Transcript)
5
One thousand years ago, people who lived in one
area knew very little about the rest of the world.
6
The earliest European explorers were the Vikings.
7
They lived in the part of Europe that is today
called Scandinavia.
8
(No Transcript)
9
The Vikings were known throughout northern Europe
as great warriors and sailors.
10
A Viking Sailing Ship
11
Much of what we know today about their adventures
comes from sagas.
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
LAnse aux Meadows, Newfoundland
23
(No Transcript)
24
Farm Under the Sand, Western Settlement, Greenland
25
Historians have come to believe that the Vikings
were the first Europeans to reach the Americas,
about 1,000 years ago.
26
A Viking named Eric the Red and his crew set sail
from Iceland and landed on an island that he
named Vinland.
27
(No Transcript)
28
It was called Vinland because of the abundance of
green vines found there.
29
(No Transcript)
30
Twenty years later, Leif Ericson founded the
island now called Newfoundland.
31
(No Transcript)
32
Fierce battles took place between the Indians and
the Vikings as a result of a land dispute. . . .
33
The Vikings eventually abandoned their
settlements in North America.
34
Almost 500 years passed before Europeans took up
an interest in sailing across the Atlantic.
35
Three reasons 1. Better ships 2.
Better instruments 3. Desire to trade with Asia
36
What was in Asia? Silk, spices, perfume,
diamonds, spices, rubies, pearls, and spices!
(Did we mention spices?)
37
Traders knew of only two routes to Asia, both of
which were very long and dangerous.
38
Some people thought that if they sailed west,
instead of east, they could also reach Asia.
39
The first European to attempt this route was
Christopher Columbus.
(But he reached the Americas instead of Asia.)
40
Later, other explorers began to hope that they
could find an all-water route to Asia by
traveling along the north coast of North America.
41
Although none of them ever found this Northwest
Passage, they were able to explore much of Canada.
42
English Exploration
(1497)John Cabot, an Italian, reached Vinland. He
renamed it Newfoundland.
43
French Exploration
(1524) Giovanni da Verrazano established French
claims to land in Canada.
44
(1534) Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence
River and founded the present-day city of
Montreal.
45
Lesson 2 Settlements and Colonies
46
Many European fishing boats fished in the Grand
Banks, an area near Newfoundland that was teaming
with fish.
47
Europeans living in Canada traded with the
Indians knives and kettles for fur pelts.
48
Hats made out of beaver fur were all the rage
back home in Europe!
49
The king of France sent Samuel de Champlain to
start a colony in Canada in the early 1600s.
50
In 1608, Champlain established the settlement of
Quebec.
51
Quebec was the beginning of the first French
colony in North America, which was called New
France.
52
Because of his hard work, Champlain became known
as the Father of New France.
53
The French would not allow anyone to move to
Quebec that was not Roman Catholic.
54
Also, people were not used to the areas climate
and farming was difficult.
55
Champlain was the first European to see the Great
Lakes.
56
Most of the traders who ran the Canadian trading
posts were French.
57
The British formed the Hudsons Bay Company,
which spread quickly, establishing posts all
along Hudson Bay.
58
Some European trappers lived in the forests with
the Indians. They were called coureurs de bois,
wood runners
59
These scouts learned from the Indians. They
learned how to use birchbark canoes.
60
The French voyageurs carried the traders goods
from the forests.
61
The strong voyageurs paddled down Canadas swift
rivers, carrying their canoes and cargo over each
portage, or land route.
62
In 1642, the colony of Montreal was founded.
63
Montreal became the center for missionaries from
France.
64
The French hoped to convert the Indians to
Christianity.
65
Montreal served as a missionary center for many
years. It also became an important base for fur
traders and explorers.
66
Lesson 3 Colonies in Conflict
67
By the 1700s, Canada was a land of many cultures.
68
French
British
Huron
Iroquois
69
In the late 1600s and early 1700s the French
and British frequently fought over land and
competed for the fur trade.
70
In 1754 war broke out in the Ohio River Valley,
an area claimed by both France and Britain.
71
The war became known as the rench and
Indian War because the French and the Huron
banded together against the British.
72
British troops surrounded New France, using a
blockade to keep food and other supplies from
entering the colony.
73
James Wolfe was one of the officers for the
British army.
74
General Louis de Montcalm was with the French
army.
75
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham is considered
the most decisive in Canadian history. This
battle lasted only ten minutes!
76
By 1763, France had given up all of its claims to
land in North America.
77
In 1774, the British passed the Quebec Act, which
guaranteed the French the right to maintain their
own culture.
78
Thousands of French-speaking people were forced
by British soldiers to leave Nova Scotia, then
called Acadia.
79
These Acadians refused to pledge loyalty to the
British crown. Some Acadians went to the area
around present-day Louisiana.
80
Today, their descendants are called Cajuns.
81
In 1776, the United States became independent of
Great Britain.
82
Loyalists, colonists who had remained loyal to
Britain had often been forced by the rebels to
leave their homes.
83
Many loyalists migrated to Canada during and
after the American Revolution.
84
Many Loyalists did not want to live among
French-speaking Canadians.
Huh?
Est-ce que vous parlez en Francais?
Non, il a arrive a LAngleterre.
85
In 1791 Britain divided the former colony of New
France into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper
Canada.
86
Most English-speaking settlers lived in the
western part of Upper Canada.
87
Lower Canada, now Quebec, was home to many
French-speaking settlers.
Au contraire, mon frere!
88
In the 1700s Britain gained control over the
vast area of Canada.
89
However, Canada would have to struggle in order
to survive as one nation.
90
The End