ART IN HISTORY Thematic Power Point

1
ART IN HISTORY Thematic Power Point

• Erica Freeman
• 10-21-10
• A.P. American History
• Period. 6

2
Chapters 1-3
3
Mesoamerican maize cultivation

• By an Aztec Artist
• In simple colors of almost no verity
• Shows a man using a tool to dig out a crop
• The man is only wearing a loin cloth
• Symbolizes that the peoples of Mesoamerica
  developed a grater verity of cultivated crops
  than any other region in the world
• This helped the civilization survive

4
Human figures dancing

• Painted on a piece of red-on-buff pottery
• Made by the Hohokams (1000 c.e.)
• The first irrigation farmers
• This piece of art work is a bowl type object
• Tribal like figures (dancing) are painted around
  it

5
Theodor de Bry

• The New Queen Being Taken to the King
• Engraving by in the 16th century inspired by a
  drawing by Jacques le Moyne an early French
  colonist of Florida
• In this time period Florida communities were
  hierarchical, with classes and hereditary chiefs,
  some being women
• -In this engraving a queen is depicted being
  carried on an ornamental litter by men of rank

6
A French peasant in the field before a
spectacular castle

• Colorful
• Made in the 15th century
• The essayist Montaigne talked with several
  American Indians at the French court who noticed
  among us some men gorged to the full with things
  of every sort while their other halves were
  beggars at their doors, emaciated with hunger and
  poverty and found it strange that these poverty
  stricken halves should suffer such injustice, and
  that they did not take the others by the throat
  or set fire to their houses.
• This picture depicts the peasants working in the
  field and begging at the wall to a huge castle
• (not shown in this version) Above this a
  semi-circle with what seems to depict the time of
  year (it is in a different language)

7
The victims of the smallpox epidemic

• Struck Tenochtitlán
• Black and white
• 1520
• Drawings of people dying from smallpox
• There came amongst us a great sickness, a
  general plague, reads the account, killing vast
  numbers of people. It covered many all over with
  sores on the face, on the head, on the chest,
  everywhere The sores were so terrible that the
  victims could not lie face down, nor on their
  backs, nor move from one side to the other. And
  when they tried to move even a little, they cried
  out in agony.

8
Watercolor

• Jacques le Moyne
• 1564
• Shows the Timucuas of coastal Florida and the
  colonists of the French colony of Fort Caroline
  having friendly relations
• The Timucuans had hoped that the French would
  help defend them against the Spanish who were in
  pursuit of Indian slaves
• This shows the Indians welcoming the French with
  a picnic of sorts

9
The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I

• Unknown artist
• 1648
• Yellow tinted colors
• The queen has her hand on a globe
• Symbolizing the rising sea power of England
• The open windows in the background shows
• the battle against the Spanish Armada in 1588
• and the destruction of the Spanish ships in a
  providential storm
• interpreted by the queen as an act of divine
  intervention

10
The Algonquian village of Pomeiooc

• 1585 by John White
• Brown colors
• Shows eighteen longhouses surrounded by a
  palisaded enclosure with a guarded entrance
  (almost like a wall enclosure made of wood)
• The house with the pyramid-shaped roof is thought
  to have been a ceremonial center

11
The Mason Children

• Unknown Boston artist
• 1670
• Puritan children
• David, Joanna and Abigail Mason
• They are dressed in finery
• An indication of wealth and prominence of their
  family
• The cane in Davids hand symbolizes his position
  as the male heir
• The rose in the hand of Abigail symbolizes
  childhood innocence

12
The earliest known view of New Amsterdam

• 1651
• Now New York
• The Dutch intended to construct a fur trade
  network that extended far into the continent
• They paddle in dugout canoes
• 25 years after its founding, the Dutch settlement
  still occupied only the lower tip of Manhattan
  Island

13
Terms

• Engraving
• the art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion
  by acids, a photographic process, etc., on the
  surface of a metal plate, block of wood, or the
  like, for or as for the purpose of taking off
  impressions or prints of the design so formed.
• Symbolism
• the practice of representing things by symbols,
  or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or
  character.
• Oil painting
• the process of painting with pigments that are
  bound with a medium of drying oil
• Watercolor
• The medium or the resulting artwork, in which the
  paints are made of pigments suspended in a water
  soluble vehicle.
• Pottery
• Ceramic ware, esp. earthenware and stoneware
  objects that are first shaped of wet clay, and
  then hardened by baking.

14
Important People

• Jacques le Moyne
• Jacques LeMoyne was a French artist who came to
  Florida with Rene de Laudonniere, a French
  explorer, in 1564. LeMoyne was the first artist
  to visit the new world. He traveled through North
  Florida, charting the coastline and the lives of
  the Timucua Indians.
• Theodor de Bry
• Theodor De Bry is best known for his series of
  volumes chronicling many of the earliest
  expeditions to the Americas. De Bry was a
  Frankfurt goldsmith, engraver, print-seller and
  book-seller.

15
Questions

• What is one example of symbolism in these forms
  of art listed above?
• The Mesoamericans farming
• The human figures on the pottery dancing
• The feast that the Timucuas prepared for the
  French
• The cane held by David Mason

16
B
17

• Who was the first artist to enter the New World?
• Theodor de Bry
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Jacques le Moyne
• David Mason

18
C
19

• Who engraved famous artwork?
• Theodor de Bry
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Jacques le Moyne
• David Mason

20
A
21

• What is engraving in the art world?
• The art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion,
  etc., on the surface of an object
• The art of carving totem poles
• A way to illustrate newspapers
• The art of forming designs by cutting patterns
  onto canvas

22
A
23

• How is pottery made?
• Shaped ceramic ware left out to dry
• Shaped ceramic ware that is never dried
• Shaped ceramic ware baked
• Shaped ceramic ware that is spun until dried

24
C
25

• What is done to the pigments on an oil painting?
• They are bound with drying oil
• They are bound with natural oils from an animal
• They are painted on the canvas first followed by
  a coat of oil
• They are painted on the canvas after a coat of
  oil is painted on

26
A
27

• What is done to the pigments in a watercolor?
• They are painted on the canvas first followed by
  a coat of water
• They are painted on the canvas after a coat of
  water is painted on
• They are suspended in water
• They are mixed in with water and oil

28
C
29

• What is the sickness that killed many in
  Tenochtitlán?
• Measles
• Chicken Pox
• Poison Ivy
• Small Pox

30
D
31

• In the painting of The Mason Children what does
  their clothing tell about them?
• They are poor
• They are wealthy
• They are settlers
• They are Indians

32
B
33

• In the earlier art the people are drawn in the
  fashion of what?
• Tribal
• Realistic
• Cartoon
• Animals

34
A
35
Sources

• Photos
• http//www.keyshistory.org/tumucanwedding2.jpg
• http//wwwdelivery.superstock.com/Image/4069/Thumb
  /4069-6984.jpg
• http//humanpast.net/images/Hohokam3.jpg
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88
  /Les_TrC3A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_octob
  re_detail.jpg
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d
  /FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jpg
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe
  /Elizabeth_I_Armada_Portrait_British_School.jpg
• http//www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry
  /white_31_big.GIF
• http//www.steveartgallery.se/upload1/file-admin/i
  mages/new4/unknow20artist-492773.jpg
• http//cache2.asset-cache.net/xc/51246189.jpg?v1
  cIWSAssetk2d45B0EB3381F7834DF603592FD303FF231
  BCE97771A966A051786C2ED51971725
• http//www.johnfishersr.net/images_fia/fia1987may.
  jpg
• Information
• http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/engraving
• http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/symbolism
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_painting
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercolor_painting
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery
• http//fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/lemoyne/lemoyn
  e.htm
• http//www.philaprintshop.com/debry.html

36
Chapters 4-6
37
What is art?

• Art is considered the product or process of
  deliberately arranging symbolic elements in a way
  that influences and affects the senses, emotions,
  and/or intellect.
• It encompasses a diverse range of human
  activities, creations, and modes of expression,
• including music
• literature
• film
• photography
• sculpture
• And paintings.
• Generally, art is made with the intention of
  stimulating thoughts and emotions.

38
Art in African American culture from 1441 1770

• Country born slaves provided development and
  evolution of their culture
• Molded themselves into new people
• This caused distinctive patterns
• in dance
• in music
• oral tradition
• They mostly did not have written literature which
  is a form of art
• Story telling
• Instead they had oral literature
• Created creative thoughts
• Led to telling the stories through painting,
  weaving, pottery etc.
• And in religion (death and burial)
• Decorated graves with shells and pottery
• old custom
• Dance was a form of worship

39
Art in African American culture from 1441 1770
continued

• Dance and music
• Came before common language
• 18th century observers commented on the musical
  and rhythmic gifts of Africans
• Thomas Jefferson
• African remembered their people as dancers,
  musicians and poets also
• Most Africans were accomplished at playing
• Stringed instruments
• Drums
• Mastered the art of
• European violin
• Guitar
• They recreated instruments, that they used in
  Africa, in America
• Banjo
• There style
• Featured improvisation
• Rhythmic complexity
• Drums were outlawed
• due to fear that they were a secret way of
  communicating
• The slaves ended up using bones, spoons, or
  sticks

40
African American art influences

• Culinary arts
• Basket weaving
• Wood carving
• Architectural designs
• High, peaked roofs
• Broad, shady porches
• Ironworking
• Dance and music
• Influences back and forth between cultures

41
Traditional culture in the New World dealing with
Art

• Oral cultures
• Depending on the transmission of information by
  the spoken word rather than through print
• story telling
• song
• music
• and other crafts
• Women could become involved in spinning

42
Literature in Colonial America

• Literature was not primarily used as a form of
  entertainment but more as a way to inspire and
  inform others before the Enlightenment
• People like Benjamin Franklin created fictional
  characters to inform
• He used some entertainment in these writings but
  mostly that was not the main goal
• The Enlightenment
• Benjamin Franklin was quoted, The culture of
  minds by the finer arts and sciences was
  necessarily postponed to times of more wealth and
  leisure these times are come.
• A rising demand for drama, poetry, essays, novels
  and history occurred
• Including William Shakespeare
• John Milton
• The essays of Joseph Addison
• Richard Steele
• Jonathan Swift
• Samuel Johnson
• And editions of the classics

43
Art in Independence

• In this time period literature was the main form
  of art
• Documents and quotes were used with descriptive
  language and use of literary symbolism
• For example The Declaration of Independence is
  full is meaning behind the words and big
  language.
• Many say that this document was created to be
  read in turn by a large amount of people due to
  the music and pattern behind the words.

44
Art in Independence Continued

• Famous works of art were also inspired by this
  time period
• Boston Massacre by Paul Revere
• This was a print, originally from a Boston
  Engraver
• Inaccurate by created much propaganda
• Such as The Battle of Bunker Hill by John
  Trumbull
• He was earned the title of the Painter of the
  Revolution

45
Terms

• Spinning an ancient textile art in which plant,
  animal or synthetic fibers are twisted together
  to form yarn.
• Ironwork Anything made of iron, or consists
  largely of it, especially when used for
  decoration
• Culinary Arts the art of cooking. It is also a
  skill that is attained by study, practice, or
  observation related to the preparation of food
• Banjo a stringed instrument with, typically,
  four or five strings, which vibrate a membrane of
  plastic material or animal hide stretched over a
  circular frame. Simpler forms of the instrument
  were fashioned by enslaved Africans in Colonial
  America, adapted from several African instruments
  of the same basic design.
• Literature creative writing of recognized
  artistic value the art of written works

46
Important People

• John Trumbull was an American artist during the
  period of the American Revolutionary War and was
  notable for his historical paintings. His
  Declaration of Independence (one of his
  paintings) was used on the reverse of the
  two-dollar bill. He was considered the Painter
  of the Revolution
• Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding
  Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath,
  Franklin was a leading author and printer,
  satirist, political theorist, politician,
  postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist,
  statesman, and diplomat.

47
Questions

• Who was the Painter of the Revolution?
• Benjamin Franklin
• Paul Revere
• John Milton
• John Trumbull

48
D
49

• What were African Americans widely described as?
• Musical
• Strong
• Not artistic
• Good painters

50
A
51

• How does Benjamin Franklin have anything to do
  with art
• He does not
• He was an inspired painter
• He owned slaves that were artistic
• He wrote creative literature

52
D
53

• What is spinning?
• Knitting
• A type of dancing
• Creating yarn
• Creating blankets

54
C
55

• How can ironwork be an art?
• It is not
• You can make designs
• You can paint with the melted iron
• You can make instruments and play them

56
B
57

• The Declaration of Independence is considered an
  art because
• It is a song
• It is not
• It has hidden meaning
• It is an painting

58
C
59

• In what time period did the arts become more in
  demand?
• The Enlightenment
• The Inspired time
• The War
• The Great Depression

60
A
61

• What is an example of instrument that the African
  Americans recreated?
• Violin
• Guitar
• Banjo
• Drumming

62
C
63

• Art includes
• Music
• Literature
• Painting
• All of the above

64
D
65

• How was art involved in burial
• They danced
• They decorated the graves
• They sang
• All of the above

66
D
67
Sources

• Photos
• http//phobos.ramapo.edu/eshannon/AmericanSurvey1
  folder/SurveyIimages/spinningwheel.jpeg
• http//www.elcivics.com/images/benjamin-franklin.j
  pg
• http//famouspoetsandpoems.com/pictures/john_trumb
  ull.jpg
• http//www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/enlarg
  ement.html
• http//www.artinthepicture.com/artists/John_Trumbu
  ll/bunker.jpeg
• http//www.dv247.com/assets/products/37264_l.jpg
• Information
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art
• http//www.picturesilove.com/
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)
• en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ironwork
• www.best-culinary-schools.info/culinary-definition
  s.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo
• wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

68
Chapters 7-9
69
Benjamin West

• The first American to achieve artistic prominence
  in the artistic world of Europe
• Originally from Pennsylvania
• Left to England
• There he became popular as a painter of
  historical scenes
• Death of General Wolfe was one of his more
  acclaimed paintings
• Remained in England after the revolution

70
John Singleton Copley

• Originally from Boston
• Also moved to England
• This was due to his loyalist sentiments
• He was a portraitist
• His work was renowned for the truth and
  straightforwardness of his depictions
• He did a famous portrait of Samuel Adams
• Remained in England after the revolution

71
Gilbert Stuart

• Copley and Wests most promising student
• Fashionable style
• Portrait of Joseph Brant (Mohawk leader)
• Stuart returned to heroes in Philadelphia
• Eventually grew into a famous museum of curios,
  reflecting his interest in natural history,
  archaeology and exotic cultures
• The chaotic arrangement of exhibits was said to
  be like Peales Jeffersonian politics
• Part science part circus
• The collection was purchased by the pioneer
  American entertainer P.T. Barnum

72
John Trumbull

• From Connecticut
• Predicted Americas rise
• Went to Yale
• Served as a soldier in the Revolution
• Went to London to study with West
• Painted The Battle of Bunker Hill
• From that painting he made a series of
  revolutionary scenes
• He was concerned with documentary detail in his
  scenes of the birth of America

73
Architecture

• Nationalism was also present
• The greatest architectural project of the day was
  the new federal capital city
• Named for President Washington
• Jefferson, Architecture is worth great attention
  as we double our numbers every twenty years, we
  must double our houses. It is, then, among the
  most important arts and it is desirable to
  introduce taste into an art which shows so much.

74
Architecture continued

• Asher Benjamin
• The Country Builders Assistant was a hand book
  written by him
• He was from New England
• Federal Style
• Restrained classicism
• He popularized an American variant of the
  Georgian style
• He emphasized the economy of decoration
• He recommended the use of indigenous materials
• Urban buildings were undertaken in the coastal
  cities during the shipping boom due to this
  restrained classicism

75
Post Revolution Literature

• Higher demand for books
• Dictionaries
• Dramas
• Fictional based material
• Political

76
Terms

• Portraitist
• A person who makes portraits, especially a
  painter or photographer.
• Art exhibit
• traditionally the space in which art objects (in
  the most general sense) meet an audience
• Classicism
• The imitation or use primarily of the style and
  aesthetic principles of ancient Greek and Roman
  classical art and literature in modern times, it
  also refers to the adoption of such principles in
  music.
• Federal-style architecture
• The name for the classicizing architecture built
  in the United States between c. 1780 and 1830,
  and particularly from 1785 to 1815. This style
  shares its name with its era, the Federal Period.
• Curios
• something (as a decorative object) considered
  novel, rare, or bizarre

77
Important People

• Benjamin West
• An Anglo-American painter of historical scenes
  around and after the time of the American War of
  Independence. He was the second president of the
  Royal Academy in London.
• Asher Benjamin
• An American architect and author whose work
  transitioned between Federal style architecture
  and the later Greek Revival. His seven handbooks
  on design deeply influenced the look of cities
  and towns throughout New England until the Civil
  War. Builders also copied his plans in the
  Midwest and in the South.

78
Questions

• What was in higher demand after the Revolution?
• Paintings
• Books
• Maps
• Guns

79
B
80

• What was Benjamin West Famous for?
• Painting
• Writing books
• Playing music
• Singing

81
A
82

• What type of architecture was often used?
• There was no type, it was random
• Portraitist
• Nationalism
• Federal

83
D
84

• Who was Copley and Wests most promising student?
• Gilbert Stuart
• Asher Benjamin
• Joseph Brant
• John Trumbull

85
A
86

• What is a portraitist?
• A person who makes portraits of him/her self
• A person who is against the making of portraits
• A person who makes portraits, in general
• A person who makes portraits using only paint

87
C
88

• The Battle of Bunker Hill was painted by whom?
• Gilbert Stuart
• Jefferson
• Asher Benjamin
• John Trumbull

89
D
90

• Who was quoted about the reason why architecture
  was an important art?
• Washington
• Jefferson
• Asher Benjamin
• Benjamin West

91
B
92

• Who served as a soldier in the Revolution?
• Gilbert Stuart
• Asher Benjamin
• Joseph Brant
• John Trumbull

93
D
94

• Who was the first American to achieve artistic
  prominence in the artistic world of Europe
• Gilbert Stuart
• Asher Benjamin
• Benjamin West
• John Trumbull

95
C
96

• Who had a chaotic arrangement of exhibits?
• Gilbert Stuart
• Asher Benjamin
• Benjamin West
• John Trumbull

97
A
98
Sources

• Photos and Information
• http//www.thefreedictionary.com/portraitist
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_exhibition
• http//en.mimi.hu/architecture/classicism.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_architecture
• http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/curios
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_Benjamin
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_West
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileThe_death_of_gen
  eral_warren_at_the_battle_of_bunker_hill.jpg
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley
  

99
Chapters 10-12
100
American Arts and Letters

• 1824-1840
• The Age of the Common Man
• During Jacksons Presidency
• There was a widespread interest in literature of
  all kinds
• This age was when American writers and painters
  found national themes
• This allowed them to produce the first
  distinctively American literature and other art
  types
• The spread of the written word
• The transportation revolution improved
  communication with different types of literature
• Rise in the number of newspapers, magazines and
  books
• The print revolution in 1826 helped the growth
  too
• Steamed power press

101
American Arts and Letters Con.

• American Culture in Art
• Philadelphias American Philosophical society
• Helped American art and literature
• Founded by Ben Franklin
• Famous authors
• Washington Irving
• James Fenimore Cooper
• Ralph Waldo

102
American Arts and Letters Con.

• Artists and Builders
• Artist were as successful as novelists in finding
  American Themes
• Famous Artists
• Thomas Cole
• Moved from England
• Was inspired by American landscapes
• Founded the Hudson River school of American
  painting
• Quote about him, Every American is bound to
  prove his love country by admiring Cole.
• Western Painters
• Karl Bodmer
• George Catlin
• Was driven by the need to document Indian life
  before it disappeared
• He spent 8 years among the tribes of the upper
  Missouri River
• His collection had 500 paintings
• He toured the country with this collection
• To arouse public indignation about the western
  Indian nations
• He was unsuccessful

103
American Arts and Letters Con.

• Western Painters
• Albert Bierstadt
• Thomas Moran
• John James Audubon
• Striking and grotesque etchings of American birds
• George Caleb Bingham
• Accomplished genre painter
• Produced tidied-up scenes of American workers
• Realists
• Romantics
• Drew on the dramatic western landscape and its
  people
• Their art was an important contribution to the
  American sense of land and to the nations
  identity
• They all were inspired to record and celebrate
  American life
• The most prevalent scene was the American
  wilderness
• Ironically this was endangered by the rapid
  western settlement

104
American Arts and Letters Con.

• Buildings
• Public building tended to be the monumental
  neoclassical style (with columns)
• This was also used with buildings that tried to
  produce a certain essence such as banks
• There were many odd building choices
• Mansions for southern plantations
• Medieval prisons
• America was not in a hurry to build for the
  future
• They mostly used a balloon-frame structure
• Basic frame of wooden studs fastened with
  crosspieces top and bottom
• Cheap
• Easy
• Quick
• Strong
• Somewhat insulated
• Housing for the common man and his family

105
Terms

• Steamed Power Press
• a device for applying pressure and steam to an
  inked surface resting upon a print medium (such
  as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink
• Realism
• refers to the general attempt to depict subjects
  "in accordance with secular, empirical rules", as
  they are considered to exist in third person
  objective reality, without embellishment or
  interpretation.
• Romanticism
• was a complex artistic, literary and intellectual
  movement that originated in the second half of
  the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength
  in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.
• Neoclassical Architecture
• tends to emphasize its planar qualities, rather
  than sculptural volumes. Projections and
  recessions and their effects of light and shade
  are flatter sculptural bas-reliefs are flatter
  and tend to be enframed in friezes, tablets or
  panels
• Genre Painter
• Paints pictorial representations in any of
  various media that represent scenes or events
  from everyday life

106
Important People

• Thomas Cole
• an English-born American artist. He is regarded
  as the founder of the Hudson River School, an
  American art movement that flourished in the
  mid-19th century
• George Catlin
• was an American painter, author and traveler who
  specialized in portraits of Native Americans in
  the Old West

107
Questions

• What did Americans mostly build for their homes?
• Balloon frame structures
• Neoclassical structures
• Mansions

108
A
109

• What does a genre painter paint?
• Paintings of a specific genre
• Paintings of a specific type of thing (i.e. all
  animals or all people)
• Everyday things

110
C
111

• What did Thomas Cole inspire?
• Landscape paintings
• Genre paintings
• Neoclassical architecture

112
A
113

• Did all homes looks almost uniformly the same?
• Yes
• No there were odd homes but most were similar
• There was never a typical home style

114
B
115

• What was a steamed power press used for?
• Making yarn
• Pressing cloth (ironing)
• Making print copies

116
C
117

• The age Age of the Common Man was during
• Jacksons presidency
• Jeffersons presidency
• The end of slavery

118
A
119

• What were western painters known as?
• Realists
• Romantics
• Both

120
C
121

• What did Ben Franklin found?
• Virginias American Philosophical society
• Philadelphias American Philosophical society
• Massachusetts American Philosophical society

122
D
123

• What did George Catlin paint?
• Buildings
• Native Americans
• Landscapes

124
B
125

• The number of books ____ during this time period.
• Rose
• Fell
• Stayed the same

126
A
127
Sources

• Information
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre_painter
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architec
  tureCharacteristics
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantics
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts)
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cole
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Catlin

128
Chapters 13-15
129
The Antebellum Period/ The second great awakening
in the 1820s- 1850s

• Time when artistic movements occurred
• Writers works emphasized independence of
  individuals
• Walt Whitman
• Leaves of Grass (Book)
• Art was becoming more accepted into society
• The theater was becoming more popular
• Not considered a good job
• Hudson River School

130
Hudson River School Con.

• A school for landscape paintings (mostly made
  with oil paint)
• The best know native development of landscape art
• Influenced by Düsseldorf School of Painting
• Many Americans trained there
• Landscape art is a term that covers the depiction
  of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys,
  trees, rivers, and forests, and especially art
  where the main subject is a wide view, with its
  elements arranged into a coherent composition.

131
Hudson River School Con.

• A school like this had never been done in America
  before and it also introduced the Landscape style
  of painting.
• The works are now very valuable because the start
  of landscape painting and the start of this
  school is a huge step for art in America
• Art was much more common in other countries such
  as England
• The school was considered an Art Movement
• They portrayed the greatness of nature in America
• Themes of romanticism and Naturalism

132
Hudson River School Con.

• Began with the works of
• Thomas Cole (1801- 1848)
• Made the most impact
• Revolutionized the styles, themes and methods of
  American Painting
• Though he didnt just impact Americas art he
  also revolutionized the worlds art form
• Did not have any formal education in art
• Derived ideas from poetry and literature
• Studied the landscapes of Thomas Doughty and
  Thomas Birch at the Pennsylvania Academy
• 1825 He sketched the Hudson river which brought
  him attention
• Traveled to Europe which made him better
• He expressed elevated moral tones and a concern
  with lofty themes
• He said that if nature was untouched by man then
  man could become more easily acquainted with God
• Asher B. Durand (1796- 1886)
• Next to Cole with importance
• Helped Cole revolutionize art
• With the death of Cole he was recognized as the
  new leader of American landscape paintings

133
Hudson River School Con.

• Hudson Schools Artists
• Thomas Doughty
• Thomas Chambers
• Jasper Francis Cropsey
• Albert Bierstadt
• John William Casilear
• Frederic Edwin Church
• Samuel Colman
• Asher Brown Durand
• Robert Duncanson
• Sanford Robinson Gifford
• James McDougal Hart
• William Stanley Haseltine
• Martin Johnson Heade
• Hermann Ottomar Herzog
• Thomas Hill
• David Johnson
• John Fredrick Kensett
• Jervis McEntee

134
Hudson River School Con.

• Inspired by
• Artists in European countries
• Emerson
• Thoreau
• William Cullen
• Bryant
• Whitman
• They believed that art was
• A vehicle through which the universal mind could
  reach the mind of man kind
• an agent of moral and spiritual transformation

135
Terms

• Landscape
• a term that covers the depiction of natural
  scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees,
  rivers, and forests, and especially art where the
  main subject is a wide view, with its elements
  arranged into a coherent composition. In other
  works landscape backgrounds for figures can still
  form an important part of the work.
• Oil Painting
• Oil painting is the process of painting with
  pigments that are bound with a medium of drying
  oil
• Sketching
• a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not
  intended as a finished work

136
Terms Con.

• Theater
• a branch of the performing arts. While any
  performance may be considered theatre, as a
  performing art, it focuses almost exclusively on
  live performers creating a self-contained drama
• Romanticism (art)
• a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual
  movement that originated in the second half of
  the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength
  in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In
  part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social
  and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment
  and a reaction against the scientific
  rationalisation of nature, and was embodied most
  strongly in the visual arts, music, and
  literature, but had a major impact on
  historiography, education and natural history

137
Important People

• Worthington Whittredge
• An American artist of the Hudson River School. He
  was a highly regarded artist of his time, and was
  friends with several leading Hudson River School
  artists including Albert Bierstadt and Sanford
  Robinson Gifford. He traveled widely and excelled
  at landscape painting, many examples of which are
  now in major museums. He served as president of
  the National Academy of Design from 1874 to 1875.
• Albert Bierstadt
• A German-American painter best known for his
  large, detailed landscapes of the American West.
  In obtaining the subject matter for these works,
  Bierstadt joined several journeys of the Westward
  Expansion. Though not the first artist to record
  these sites, Bierstadt was the foremost painter
  of these scenes for the remainder of the 19th
  century.

138
Questions

• Sketching is
• A drawing that takes a lot of time
• A drawing that takes a short amount of time
• A fully detailed and completed work of art

139
B
140

• Who had the most impact to landscape painting in
  America?
• Thomas Cole
• Albert Bierstadt
• Asher B. Durand

141
A
142

• What was the first landscape painting school in
  America?
• Manhattan River School
• The Düsseldorf School of Painting
• Hudson River School

143
C
144

• Was American art advanced at this time period?
• Yes
• No
• In the middle

145
B
146

• What Period did artistic movement occur
  (1820s-1850s)?
• The Antebellum Period
• The Second Great Awakening
• They are the same

147
C
148

• Literature stressed the ______ of individuals.
• Independence
• Dependence
• Changes

149
A
150

• Art in this time was MOST influenced by
• The discoveries of new lands
• Poetry and Literature
• Scientific discoveries

151
A
152

• What is oil Painting?
• Process of painting with pigments that are bound
  with a medium of animal fat
• Process of painting with pigments that are bound
  with a medium of drying oil
• Process of painting with pigments that are mixed
  with a medium of suspended oil

153
B
154

• Did Romanticism further advance art?
• Yes
• No, it stayed the same
• No, it made us work rather than be involved with
  art (it reversed the art advancement)

155
A
156

• What is a landscape painting?
• A painting of an individual
• A painting with a wide view
• A painting of architecture

157
B
158
Sources

• Information
• http//www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/13918.html
• http//www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cole.html
• http//www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/hudson.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_art
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hudson_River_
  School_artists

159
Chapters 16 and 17
160
A new medium of photography and artwork

• Conveyed the of war with gruesome reality to the
  American public
• Regarded as the first major war that was
  observed by the public
• It is called this because of the fact that the
  public could see what the battle and life of the
  soldiers was like from photographs and other
  artwork
• While a battle was going on artists used
  photography rather than other forms of art but
  this was not too common
• The available artwork of battle scenes is mostly
  from an artists memory to complete a sketch or
  imagination

161
A new medium of photography and artwork Con.

• Special Artists
• Painting and sketching was usually used by
  artists to depict the daily life of the soldiers
• Families were greatly concerned with the fate of
  their sons
• This meant that there was a need for journalists
  and artists to report and depict these soldiers
  lives
• These people did not usually survive
• Newspapers sold in great numbers
• At any moment there were about 12 special artists
  
• Low numbers due to danger of the job and they
  had to be fast and accurate sketchers

162
Art in the South

• Not very well known for their art
• Publish work but mostly ignored
• Lost art due to the destruction of homes

163
African Americans in Art

• South Carolina legislation in 1865
• Provided that, no person of color shall pursue
  or practice the art, trade, or business of an
  artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper, or any other
  trade employment, or business, besides that of
  husbandry, or that of a servant under contract
  for service or labor without a special and
  costly permit.
• In 1867
• The promise of radical reconstruction brought
  forth African Americans with useful skills such
  as literacy
• This time periods paintings depicted blacks as
  their freedom and lives progressed
• Artists usually tried to get their paintings
  accurate with the time period that they were
  painting
• The most common paintings started with black
  being depicted as slaves, then runaways, then
  freedom and then African Americans being
  successful with their lives
• African Americans as artists
• There were already few freed slaves that had
  become artists by this time period
• There work was almost undistinguishable from
  white works
• This was due to the fact that their audience and
  commissions were predominantly white

164
Terms

• Photography
• Derives from the Greek words phos (genitive
  photós) light, and gráphein, to write. The word
  was coined by Sir John Herschel in 1839.A camera
  obscura box used for drawing images. Photography
  is the result of combining several different
  technical discoveries.
• Sketching
• a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not
  intended as a finished work
• Artisan
• a skilled manual worker who makes items that may
  be functional or strictly decorative, including
  furniture, clothing, jewelry, household items,
  and tools.
• Literacy
• Traditionally described as the ability to read
  and write. It is a concept claimed and defined by
  a range of different theoretical fields.
• Commission
• (In art) the hiring and payment for the creation
  of a piece, often on behalf of another

165
Important People

• Robert S. Duncanson
• Was born in Seneca County, New York in 1821.
  Duncansons father was a Canadian of Scottish
  descent and his mother was an African American,
  thus making him a freeborn person of color.
  Duncanson, an artist who is relatively unknown
  today, painted America, both physically and
  figuratively, at a time when the country was in
  turmoil. He is said to be the first free
  professional black artist. He was also a Hudson
  River School painter
• Edward Lamson Henry
• One of the country's most popular and prolific
  genre artists at the end of the nineteenth
  century

166
Questions

• Who was Robert S. Duncanson?
• The first free professional black artist
• A popular genre artist
• A special artist

167
A
168

• Who was Edward Lamson Henry?
• The first free professional black artist
• A popular genre artist
• A special artist

169
B
170

• What was a special artist?
• An artist who paints only a certain thing
• An artist with special needs
• An artist who sketches battle scenes

171
C
172

• What was the difference between African American
  artwork and white art work in this time period?
• The African American artwork depicted the freedom
  of slaves
• The African American artwork depicted their harsh
  life
• There was minimal differences

173
C
174

• Did the 1865 South Carolina legislation make it
  easy for African Americans to become skilled in
  an art?
• Yes, it ended the racism towards the African
  Americans in the art world
• Yes, it made it easier by providing a trade
  school for the blacks
• No, it made them pay for a permit to do such
  things

175
C
176

• What does Commission mean in terms of art?
• The hiring and payment for the creation of a
  piece, often on behalf of another
• The hiring and payment for the creation of a
  piece for ones self
• The hiring and payment for the creation of a
  piece that is designed fully by the buyer

177
A
178

• Art in the South was...?
• Valued as important by the countries art
  community
• Virtually unrecognized
• Just as famous as northern art

179
B
180

• What is literacy?
• Another term for an author
• The ability to read
• Learning to read

181
B
182

• Did the Hudson school accept African Americans?
• No, the 1865 South Carolina legislation did not
  allow them
• No, It was a white skinned only school
• Yes

183
C
184

• What is a reason why the southern art work was
  not as well known?
• They did not produce artwork
• A lot of the art was destroyed
• The north sabotaged them for being better artists

185
B
186
Sources

• Information
• http//www.askart.com/askart/interest/civil_war_ar
  t_1.aspx?id40
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_photograph
  y
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_(art)
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisan
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lamson_Henry
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Scott_Duncanso
  n