World War II

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World War II
The Pacific Theater
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Wake Island

• Coral atoll
• 6.5 square km, or 2 square miles
• Natural resources
• Location midway between Pearl Harbor The
  Philippines

On Dec. 23, 1941, 1500 Americans surrendered to
the Japanese
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Hawaii
Wake Island
Philippines
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• On December 8, 1941 the Japanese began the
  invasion of the Philippines
• led his men and
  the Filipino army in the fight
• They were forced to retreat along the Peninsula

• By April the exhausted troops were forced to
  surrender
• General was rescued from the
  nearby island of
• As he left, he pledged to his men
  .

The Philippines
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Bataan Death March

• When the Americans surrendered the Philippines in
  April, 1942, they left Filipino and American
  troops
• The Japanese marched the prisoners across the
  Bataan Peninsula under brutal conditions
• Of over 12,000 American POWs that began the
  march, only survived

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Battle of the

• February 27 - March 1, 1942
• 1st major naval battle between Japanese and
  American forces
• American, Dutch, and British forces attempted to
  prevent further expansion in Southeast Asia
• They were unsuccessful

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• April 18, 1942 Doolittless Raiders embarked on
  their journey
• Although they inflicted little damage on Tokyo,
  it was a morale booster for the USA

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• Doolittles Raiders totaled 80 crew members, in
  16 aircraft
• 1 plane landed in Russia and its crew of 5 were
  interned there until the end of the war

• 3 crew members died in the aftermath of the raid
• 8 were captured by the Japanese in China 3 were
  executed and 1 died during captivity

• In all, 73 members, including Jimmy Doolittle
  survived the raid and returned to the USA during
  or after the war

Doolittle and 12 survivors
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Battle of the

• May, 1942 off the coast of
• First naval victory for USA
• First naval battle fought with the ships out of
  sight of one another fought entirely from the
  air
• Battle is actually considered a draw but we
  prevented the invasion of

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War in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor
Tokyo
Midway
Java Sea
Coral Sea
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The Battle of MidwayJune 3 - 6, 1942

• Planned invasion of Midway Island as a precursor
  to an assault on Hawaii
• American intelligence anticipated the attack and
  launched a counter-attack
• Midway Island was heavily damaged by bombers but
  was not invaded

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Battle of Midway

• US carriers battled Japanese carriers
• Entire first squadron of flyers was lost due to
  inexperience
• Only one man survived floated in the water and
  watched the remainder of the battle
• He was later rescued by submarine

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The Battle of MidwayJune 3 - 6, 1942

• The USA lost the carrier USS Yorktown
• Survived the attack with heavy damage but sunk as
  it was being towed back to Pearl Harbor

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Significance of Midway

• Americans lost 1 carrier, which they were able to
  replace
• Japanese lost 4 carriers, which they were unable
  to replace

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The Battle of MidwayJune 3 - 6, 1942

• As a diversion, the Japanese invaded the
  ____________ on the same day
• Ironically, they were successful in the

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Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal

• Located in the Solomon Islands
• Proximity to New Guinea, Australia, and the
  American territories in the Marianas made it
  important to both sides

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Guadalcanal

• August, 1942 - February, 1943
• Land battles (American marines against Japanese
  marines)
• Naval battles (various battles involving
  battleships, carriers, and PTs)

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Guadalcanal

• The marines encountered heavy resistance from
  experienced enemy troops
• Ground was fought for inch by inch onto the beach
  and then through the jungles
• The American navy successfully cut off the island
  from Japanese reinforcement
• They finally assumed total control of the island
  in Feb. 1943

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Solomon Islands

• The Slot remained a naval and air battlefield
  to the end of the war
• In Aug., 1943 a young lieutenant rescued his crew
  after his PT was cut in half by an enemy
  destroyer
• He was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal

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• Navy and Marine fighters patrolled The Slot,
  taking out enemy aircraft, ships, and landing
  craft
• The infamous Black Sheep Squadron got its name
  from their unorthodox training and behavior
• Major Pappy Boyington and his men had 97
  confirmed kills and another 55 probable kills
  before Pappy became a POW
• Story became a highly fictionalized series in the
  1970s

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Island Hopping

• From 1942 to 1945, Americans engaged in a
  campaign of island hopping
• This involved capturing select islands on the way
  to mainland Japan
• By destroying the Japanese navy, the remaining
  islands were cut off from supplies

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War in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor
Tokyo
Midway
Java Sea
Tarawa
Coral Sea
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Tarawa (Gilbert Islands) Nov. 20 - 23, 1943

• A series of small islets the largest measured 3
  miles long, and 1/2 mile in width
• Japanese built an airstrip here, with fighter and
  bomber range to the Solomon Marshall Islands
• It was defended by 4700 troops, dug into a series
  of pillboxes and bunkers

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Tarawa

• Only _____ Japanese soldiers lived to surrender
  on the 3rd day of battle (started with 4700)
• ______ Korean forced laborers survived
• American casualties were 3301 (990 killed)

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The PhilippinesOctober, 1944 June, 1945

• In a controversial decision, General MacArther
  convinced FDR that we should invade the
  Philippines

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(No Transcript)
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The PhilippinesOctober, 1944 June, 1945

• 80,000 Japanese defenders in The Philippines
• 1000 survivors
• 100,000 Filipino civilians died
• 160,000 American invasion force
• 8,000 Americans killed

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Battle of Leyte GulfOctober 23 25, 1944

• Largest naval battle in world history
• 280 warships
• Victory for Americans but at great loss of
  sailors and ships

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Iwo Jima

• Located _________ from mainland Japan
• A volcanic island of only 8 square miles, the
  Japanese had dug in there in tunnels that
  crisscrossed the island
• __________ is the highest part of the island

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War in the Pacific
Tokyo
Pearl Harbor
Iwo Jima
Midway
Java Sea
Tarawa
Coral Sea
Guadalcanal
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Iwo Jima

• The marines landed in February, 1945
• They experienced heavy casualties and had to be
  reinforced several times
• The famous flag raising occurred early in the
  battle
• The battle lasted until June, 1945

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Iwo Jima

• Japanese defenders
• ________ killed
• ______ POWs
• 82,000 American invaders
• 7000 killed
• 18,000 - 25000 wounded (depending on the source)
• There were no civilians on the island

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Okinawa

• Soon after the assault on Iwo Jima ended, the
  battle for Okinawa began
• Okinawa is a Japanese island off of the mainland
• At the time of the attack in April, there were
  _________ civilians and ________ troops, and
  ________ conscripts on the island

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War in the Pacific
Tokyo
Pearl Harbor
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
Midway
Java Sea
Tarawa
Coral Sea
Guadalcanal
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Okinawa

• The Japanese were desperate to defeat the
  Americans
• They were running out of fuel, munitions, and
  experienced fighters
• They began an all out campaign of using ________
  pilots against American ships

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Okinawa April June, 1945

• US losses were
• Killed in action
• Navy 5,000
• Marines 8,000
• Wounded
• Navy 5,000
• Marines 31,000
• A major factor in the decision to use atomic
  weapons 6 weeks later

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Okinawa

• By the time Okinawa was secure, the Japanese had
  lost ________ soldiers and conscripts, and
  __________ civilians
• These figures were used to analyze the possible
  fatality rate of an invasion of mainland Japan
• The estimates ranged from 500,000 to 1,000,000
  Americans and from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 Japanese

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USS IndianapolisJuly 30, 1945

• Was torpedoed after delivering part of the atomic
  bomb and Enola Gay to our base
• Because of the secrecy of the mission, no one
  knew where they sank
• They were not rescued for 4 days
• 1100 men went into the water only 300 came out

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HiroshimaAug. 6, 1945
August 8, 1945Soviets finally declared war on
Japan
NagasakiAug. 9, 1945
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Japanese surrender Aug. 14, 1945 by order of
Emperor Hirohito

• The formal surrender is signed September 2, 1945

World War II Finally ended
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Internment

• 127,000 Japanese Americans lived in the USA,
  mostly on the west coast
• Americans were afraid of them spying or just
  plain hated them
• Americans also were interested in obtaining their
  property

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Internment

• 110,000 Japanese were forced to move into camps
  in the interior of America
• of them were born in the USA
• were convicted of a crime

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Internment

• , 1944
• Internment legal
• 1988 - Congress apologized and gave each
  survivor 20,000 in compensation

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Internment

• Italians
• only effected non-US citizens
• 1600 interned
• 600,000 had travel restrictions and curfews
• 10,000 were forced out of their homes in
  California and forced to move inland
• hysteria lasted about a year

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• Women worked outside of the household for the 1st
  time in large numbers
• The government provided daycare and housing
• After the war, most of them returned to being
  housewives

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Prisoners of War

• German and Japanese POWs were returned to their
  countries immediately after the war
• Germans and Italians treated their American POWs
  with respect death in captivity rate was 1.2
• Japanese starved, worked and tortured their
  prisoners death rate in captivity was over 40

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Minorities

• African American, Hispanics, and other minorities
  served in segregated units
• Japanese Americans served in Europe
• The Navajo were instrumental in winning the war
• After the war, they returned to Jim Crow laws
  in the USA

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The End!