North American Colonies

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North American Colonies
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Objectives

• Explain why the colony of New France grew slowly.
• Analyze the establishment and growth of the
  English colonies.
• Understand why Europeans competed for power in
  North America and how their struggle affected
  Native Americans.

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Terms and People

• New France French possession in present-day
  Canada from the 1500s to 1763
• revenue income
• Pilgrims English Protestants who rejected the
  Church of England
• compact an agreement among people

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Terms and People (continued)

• French and Indian War a war between France and
  England that erupted in 1754 in North America and
  ended in 1763
• Treaty of Paris the agreement that officially
  ended the French and Indian War as well as other
  fighting between France and England, and ensured
  British dominance in North America

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How did European struggles for power shape the
North American continent?
France and England followed Spain in settling
North America. Though their hopes for gold or
passage to Asia were not met, they did turn
profits in their new domains. By 1700, the two
nations controlled vast parts of North America.
Their colonies were very different from those in
Spanish America.
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France claimed vast amounts of land in North
America during the 1500s.

• The nation called these claims New France.
• Jacques Cartier explored the coastline in 1534
  and discovered the St. Lawrence River.
• French missionaries followed the explorers,
  attempting with little success to convert Native
  Americans to Christianity.

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Despite large French land claims and wide
exploration, settlement was slow.

• The first permanent French settlement was not
  founded until 1608.
• Farming was hard in the cold Canadian climate,
  so many settlers became fur trappers and
  traders.

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Louis XIV wanted to increase revenues from New
France in the 1600s.
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England established colonies along the Atlantic
seaboard in the 1600s.

• The English founded their first permanent colony
  at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.
• The settlement was organized by an English
  company hoping to gain wealth from the New World.
• Many early settlers died of starvation. Jamestown
  began to thrive once the colonists started
  growing and exporting tobacco.

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The Pilgrims arrived in present-day Massachusetts
in 1620.

• They were English Protestants who rejected the
  Church of England.
• Seeking religious freedom, they set sail from
  Plymouth, England, in the Mayflower.

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While still on their ship, the Pilgrims signed
the Mayflower Compact.
This compact, or agreement, set guidelines for
governing the new colony. The Mayflower Compact
was an important step toward self-government.
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The English established additional colonies in
the 1600s and 1700s, for many reasons.
VirginiaNew York Commercial ventures organized for profit
MassachusettsPennsylvaniaMaryland Havens for persecuted religious groups
GeorgiaSouth Carolina Gifts from English kings to loyal supporters
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• People in New England built fishing, timber, and
  shipbuilding industries.
• Those in the middle colonies grew grain.
• Settlers in the South grew cash crops such as
  rice and tobacco and developed a plantation
  economy.

English colonists learned to create wealth by
using native resources.
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English colonists had a large degree of
self-government.

• This grew out of English tradition in which both
  Parliament and the rights of citizens tempered
  the power of the king.
• Colonists expected the same rights as freeborn
  English citizens.
• Each colony had its own representative assembly
  that advised the royal governor appointed by the
  king.

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The French and Indian War was part of a worldwide
conflict known as the Seven Years War.

• France won several victories early on.
• The tide turned in 1759 when British troops
  captured Quebec, the capital of New France.
• In 1763, the Treaty of Paris officially ended
  the war and established British dominance in
  North America.
• However, France regained sugar-producing islands
  in the Caribbean and slave-trading outposts in
  Africa that the British had seized during the
  war.