North American British Colonies Colonial Regions

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North American British ColoniesColonial Regions

• New England
• Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New Hampshire
• Mid-Atlantic
• Pennsylvania
• New York
• New Jersey
• Delaware
• Southern
• VirginiaJamestown 1607
• South Carolina
• North Carolina
• Maryland
• Georgia

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THREE POLITICAL CONCEPTS

• All thirteen colonies have
• A governor appointed by the King
• A colonial legislature run by colonial elite
• A royal charter granted by the King

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Three Types of Colonies

• All colonies received a charter from the King.
• 1. Joint-stock companies or corporate colonies
• 2. Proprietary colonies
• 3. Royal colonies

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Joint-stock or Corporate Colonies

• Groups of investors sought to make profits from
  the colony and then sell it. Businessjoint
  venture
• The first colony was a joint-stock colony
• Jamestown (Virginia)

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Proprietary Colonies

• These were colonies organized by a proprietor, a
  person the King had made a grant of land.
• Example
• All Mid-Atlantic colonies
• All Southern colonies (except Jamestown)

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Royal Colonies

• By 1775, eve of the American Revolution, there
  were four Royal Colonies in the Southsubject to
  the direct control of the Crown
• Virginia (1624)
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia.

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Southern Colonies

• Key Colony of the Region
• VirginiaJamestown 1607
• Life Expectancy
• Short usually into 20s or 30s at best
• 2) Geography
• Long growing season
• fertile soil
• some navigable rivers.
• 3) Backcountry
• Areas away from the coastal regions
• 4) Large Farms (Plantations)

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Chesapeake RegionJamestown1607

• 1606King James I granted a charter to the
  Virginia Company (joint-stock).
• Jamestown was the first permanent English
  settlement in America.
• Southern colonies were founded for economic
  reasons religion was not a factor until the
  Great Awakening.
• Church of England

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Virginias House of Burgesses

• The first mini-parliament or representative
  colonial government.
• Suffrage based on property qualification
• Power of the purse colonial legislatures paid
  the governors not the Crown
• Rights of Englishmen
• Magna Carta (rule of law, Parliament)
• English Bill of Rights (protected individual
  liberties after 1689)
• King James I made Virginia a royal colony in 1624.

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John Smith

• John Smith John Smith became the leader of the
  Jamestown colony.
• the settlers hit the shore consumed with gold
• The mined the shores religiously to no avail
• The neglected basic survival to find wealth
• Disease and hunger soon struck the village
• By the winter of 1607, only 38 of the original
  150 survived
• Smith took control, stating, he that will not
  work shall not eat.
• The settlers received food

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Pocahontas and John Rolfe

• John Rolfe Pocahontas
• Pocahontas, daughter of the Powhatan chief,
  befriended John Smith. Smith soon left the
  colony.
• REAL STORY
• John Rolfe, a prominent settler soon met
  Pocahontas. As a way to gain the support of the
  Powhatan, it was suggested that Rolfe marry
  Pocahontas.

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Labor Force Headright System

• The plantation owner could pay for a person to
  come to the colonyindentured servant.
• The plantation owner received 50 acres of land
  per person.

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Cash Crops

• Tobacco (throughout the Southern colonies)
• Rice (SC and GA)
• Indigo (blue dye)
• Each was an enumerated or subsidized good under
  the Navigation Acts.

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Church of England

• Tudor Monarchs
• Henry VIII 1491-1547 broke with Roman
  Catholicism in the 1530s and formed the Church
  of England (Anglican).
• 2. Elizabeth I 1533-1603 encouraged exploration
  and colonization of North America to spread the
  Protestant faith..
• Most Southern Colonists belonged to this group.
• They were extremely loyal to the Crown.

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Colonial Tensions Bacons RebellionBacons
Rebellion

• Nathaniel Bacon leads a rebellion of backcountry
  Virginia farmers against the wealthy planters
  (tidewater elite).
• Indians attacking the frontier were not being
  stopped.
• Poor backcountry farmers v. rich plantation owners

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Chesapeake RegionMaryland A Catholic Haven

• Maryland became the second plantation colony.
• Lord Baltimore sought to create a Catholic haven.
• Tobacco became the cash crop leading to slave
  labor over time.
• In 1649, the Act of Toleration created religious
  freedom for those who recognized the divinity of
  Jesus (Catholics and Protestants).

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Labor Force Middle Passage

• Enslaved Africans were stacked in northern slave
  trader ships like wood.
• Dangerous six to eight week trip from western
  Africa to the West Indies.
• Seasoned or prepared for the English plantation
  system and transported to the American colonies

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Labor Force Slavery

• Slave codes were a series of laws passed mainly
  in southern colonies that denied civil rights and
  made slaves inferior to whites.

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Slave Cultural Contributions
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Colonial Tensions Stono RebellionStono
Rebellion (1739)

• South Carolina slave revolt.
• 50 blacks were caught and executed by white
  militia.
• The Slave Codes became more repressive.